"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎٢‎٢‎٥] (١٧٨٢/١٣٨٠)

1225
sliall have occasion to remark hereafter under another head, appear from
the sequel.
The arrangement under which the East India CompanyResident Temporary
or A gent in Turkish 'Iraq was located at the port of Basrah, while the ^ st,, ^ li | h "
Turkish Governor of the whole province had his residence at Baghdad, Residency
presented obvious inconveniences, to neutralise which various measures ^ Baghdad,
1765-od.
were taken at different times. In 1737, 1738 and 1758 an assistant to
the Resident, and in 1736, 1745, 1756 and 1759 the Resident himself,
visited Baghdad; Mr. Shaw, while he was in charge of Basrah, was
ordinarily represented at the capital by Khojah Raphael, an Armenian
merchant from Persia; and, at the point which we have now reached,
the Agent and Council seem to have become convinced of the necessity of
maintaining a European representative at the Court of the Pasha.
I he immediate cause of their first deputing a gentleman to Baghdad 1765.
was a difficulty which they experienced, from not having as yet formally
congratulated Sulaiman Pasha on his accession or made him the custo-
mary present, in recovering a large debt that was due to their employers
from a certain Haji Yusuf at Basrah; and they thought that the oppor
tunity was also a good one for securing recognition by the Pasha of the
consular powers conferred on the British Agent, which, as mentioned
in the preceding paragraph, he seemed inclined to ignore; but it was
not originally intended that Mr. Robert Garden, on whom their choice
fell—partly because he had already visited Baghdad in 1758, partly
because he knew Turkish, and partly because he was next in standing
to the Agent himself,—should remain permanently, and the expenses of
his trip were estimated at only Rs. 1,200. Mr. Garden, however, v/ho
left Basrah for Baghdad on the 38th March 1765J seems to have stayed
there for some time; and, on his being recalled to India, Mr. Lyster was
sent to take his place.
In 1766, the establishment of a Residency at Baghdad having mean- 1766
while been sanctioned by the Government of Bombay on the
recommendation of the Agent and Council at Basrah, Mr. James Morley
was sent from India to take charge of the new appointment and arrived
on the 2nd of May at Baghdad, where he relieved Mr. Lyster.
It should be noticed, however, that the succession of the gentlemen
mentioned to one another cannot have been continuous, for in January
and February of 1766, when Niebuhr was at Baghdad, there was no
British representative at that place. The presence of a European servant
at Baghdad in 1765 and 1766 was no doubt useful in connection with the
joint action of the British and the Turks in those years against the Ka'ab