"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎١‎١‎١] (١٧٨٢/١٢٨٢)

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British war-vessels in the previous year; for the place in question was
described as lying within the territory of " Faisal Bey, the Qaim-Maqam
of Najd and as forming "part of the hereditary dominions of the
Sultan. At the close of Faisal's reign, the tribute rendered by him to
the Porte was merely nominal and seems to have been paid through the
Sharif of Makkah.
So long as 'Abdullah, the first Mahfudh, continued to rule Jabal
Shammar, the loyalty of that province to the Wahhabi Amir remained
unquestioned; and Faisal, on his return from Egypt, seems to have been
assisted by his old dependent to recover his position in Najd. Talal,
the son of Abdullah, married a daughter of Faisal and continued, until
his death in 1867, to pay a yearly visit to Riyadh, where he was
accustomed to deliver his tribute of horses in person. About 1848,
however, Qasim, which had hitherto been directly dependent upon the
AVahhabi Amir, aj^pears to have obtained the protection of the Sham mar
chief as a sort of an intermediate overlord.
About 1851, as we have seen, the Amir Faisal maintained an agent
at Kuwait; and it was ascertained that in 1863 his relations with that
place were friendly, although no tribute was paid him by the Shaikh.
When Faisal came to the throne of Najd, a contest between 'Abdul
lah and Muhammad, the two rival Shaikhs of Bahrain, was in progress.
The Amir availed himself of their mutual opposition to assert his own
authority; and, but for the opposition of the British Government, who
had determined to confine Wahhabi influence to the mainland, it is
not improbable that he would have succeeded in reducing the Bahrain
Shaikh to a position of strict dependence on himself.
The Amir at first sided with the younger claimant, Muhammad-bin-
Khalifah, who had lately been driven out by 'Abdullah-bin-A hmad ; and,
when the latter was in his turn displaced, it was principally by a Wahhabi
force that, early in 1844, he was deprived of the fort of Dammam, his
last remaining possession, of which the Wahhabi Amir considered himself
to be the rightful owner.
For some time after this the Wahhabis, having achieved their princi
pal object in the recovery of Dammam, remained quiescent; but in 1845,
on Muhammad-bin-Khalifah becoming intractable and refusing to pav
an annual tribute with arrears to which he had agreed on the fall of
Dammam, 'Abdullah-bin-Sa'id, the Wahhabi governor of Qatif, began
to arrange an attack on Bahrain, and Muhammad, anticipating his
designs, placed the Wahhabi coast under blockade. An invasion of
Bahrain from Hasa by a stratagem was then planned by the ex -Shaikh
Relations
with Jabal
Sham mar,
1843-66,
Relations
with Kuwait,
1843-65.
Relations
with Bahrain,
1843-65.
1843-44.
1845-47,