"دليل الخليج. مجلد I. القسم التاريخي. الأجزاء Iأ و Iب. ج.ج. لوريمر ١٩١٥" [‎١‎٣‎١‎٩] (١٧٨٢/١٤٧٤)

tJZSj
%r;.
of k\l.
1319
"suddenly extinguished."' The actual revenue of the Baghdad Pashaliq
proper, i.e., of the district dependent on the towns of Baghdad and
Basrah^ wag estimated at £17^030 per annum by Mr. Fraser, who
thought that under an efficient administration it might yield not less than
£1,380,337 a year. The actual value of the European imports brought
to Baghdad from Aleppo and Damascus, by such caravans as were able
to make their way through, he placed at a quarter of a million pounds
sterling annually.
i
Relations of Turkish 'Iraq with Persia, 1807-39.
Two wars with Persia which occurred upon the Kurdish frontier are
described, from the Persian point of view, in the chapter on the history
of the Persian Coast. According to another authority, not followed in
that place, the treatment of Persian pilgrims in Turkish territory was the
cause of the war of 1821-1823, and it came to an end, in consequence
of a cholera epidemic, without any decided success having been gained by
the Persians. The Turko-Persian frontier was adjusted after this second
war by the First Treaty of Erzeroum (28th July!823) ; it re-established
the boundary agreed on in 1639 and at the same time decided a number
of contentious questions relating to pilgrims and trade.
In 1837, incited by the loss which the rising free port of Muhmmareh
was inflicting on Basrah and tempted, doubtless, by the opposition which
existed between the Muhaisin Shaikh of Muhammareh and his overlord
the Ka ab Shaikh of Fallahiyah, the Governor of Baghdad, then* All
Kiza Pasha launched an expedition against Muhammareh. It is * said
t hat the town was taken by assault ; that the merchandise stored in its
warehouses was plundered ; and that the walls were levelled and the guns
of the place removed. It is added that J Ali Riza Pasha made a demonstra
tion against Fallahiyah which resulted in the flight of the Ka'ab Shaikh to
Kuwait ; that he placed two joint Shaikhs in charge of the Ka'ab as
vassals of Turkey ; and that the former Shaikh of the Ka'ab himself,
having leturned and ejected these substitutes, signed c 'a convention with
* The chief authority for these statements is Sir H. Rawlinson in his Memorandum
on the Ka ab tribe and Mohammerah, 1844 ; but from internal evidence it would
appear that he relied, perhaps to an unwarranted extent, upon Turkish sources of
information. There is, of course, no doubt that Mubammareh was in some soil taken
by the Turks in 1837.
Wars with
Persia, 1806
and 1821-23.
Capture and
evacuation of
Muhanmiareh
by the Turks,
1837.