al-Thānī min Kitāb al-Filāḥah الثاني من كتاب الفلاحة Ibn Waḥshīyah, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn أحمد بن الحسين، ابن وحشية
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The record is made up of Codex A collection of pages, usually gathered into quires, and bound between covers. ; ff. iv+257+iv. It was created in 13th century. It was written in Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Oriental Manuscripts.
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- Content
Volume Two of a copy of the Nabataean Agriculture (الفلاحة النبطية), a work on agronomy in the tradition of the Graeco-Latin Geoponica , which mixes diverse subjects related to farming such as plant, animal and weather lore; descriptions of agricultural techniques; and much material of a more legendary and magical nature. According to the preface, not present in this manuscript, the text was translated from Nabataean (Aramaic) into Arabic in 291/903-04 by Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī ibn Qays al-Kasdānī (أبو بكر أحمد بن علي بن قيس الكسداني), known as Ibn Waḥshiyah (ابن وحشية), and then dictated to Abū Ṭālib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad al-Zayyāt (أبو طالب أحمد بن الحسين بن علي بن أحمد الزيات) in 318/930-31.
According to the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. (f. 256v, line 15, transcribed below), this copy was completed in Ṣafar 389/January-February 999 by Abū al-Khayr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Ma‘arrī (أحمد بن محمد الشهير بأبي الخير المعري), but the hand appears to date from the 13th century. Perhaps the colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. was copied along with the text from the exemplar.
The beginning of the text in this volume corresponds with p. 715, line 6 of the edition by Toufic Fahd (Dimashq: al-Maʻhad al-ʻIlmī al-Faransī lil-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah, 1993-95) vol 1.
Begins (f. 3v, lines 2-5):
واعلموا أن الدهن إذا طاب ريحه على ما وصفنا وتمكن طيب الريح فيه وتخمر صار ذلك النبات أطيب ريحًا
أهو (!) عديم الدهن وأقل دهنًا بل أقول إنما فيه دهن من النبات وقد طاب ريحه فإنه يكون طيب الرائحة جدًا أكثر من
غيره كما قدمنا من القول قال قويامي (!) فهذا قول أدمى في علل طيب الرائحة على الصفة التي وصفت ويدخل في تلك
الصفة جميع ضروب ما له ريح طيبة وإن كان في قوله ما هو مخالف لقول غيره فإني أرى أن قوله أحق ورأيه أصوب
Ends (f. 256v, lines 4-10):
... وأما سياسة البقر والغنم
وغيرها من الدواب المعينة لنا على الفلاحة والمقوية على تمام معاشنا فقد أفردنا
له كتابًا جعلنا تاليًا لهذا الكتاب وألحقنا فيه بذلك من اتخاذ الحمام والوراشين
واستجلابها والعصافير والكراكي وغيرها من أصناف الطائر فمن أدمن على ذلك وعمله
فليأخذه من ذلك الكتاب وهذا القول ختمنا كتابنا هذا والسلام قال
أبو بكر أحمد بن وحشية ما وقع إلى هذا الكتاب الذي ذكره قوثامي وأنه ألفه في سياسة البقر وغيرها من الماشية وإلا رأيته ولو وقع إلي لنقلته
Colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. (f. 256v, lines 11-15):
تم كتاب الفلاحة بأسره
بحمد لله وعونه
صلواته على سيدنا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم
حسبي الله ونعم الوكيل
من كتابة العبد الفقير إلى الله تعالى أحمد بن محمد الشهير بأبي الخير المعري شهر صفر سنة 389 غفر الله له ولوالده ولجميع المسلمين
- Extent and format
- Codex A collection of pages, usually gathered into quires, and bound between covers. ; ff. iv+257+iv
- Physical characteristics
Physical characteristics:
Material: Eastern laid paper
Dimensions: 265 x 175 mm leaf [215 x 135 mm written]
Foliation: Arabic foliation in black ink; British Museum foliation in pencil
Ruling: Misṭarah ; 27 lines per page; vertical spacing 13 lines per 10 cm
Script: Naskh ; the scribe is Abū al-Khayr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Ma‘arrī (أحمد بن محمد الشهير بأبي الخير المعري; see colophon Section at the end of a manuscript text. , f. 256v, line 15)
Ink: Black ink, with rubricated headings and overlinings in red
Decoration: None
Binding: British Museum binding
Condition: Very minor waterstains and insect damage; repairs to margins of ff. 2-9 and 256
Marginalia: Very few
Seals: f. 3v
- Written in
- Arabic in Arabic script
- Type
- Manuscript
Archive information for this record
- Original held at
- British Library: Oriental Manuscripts
- Access conditions
Unrestricted
- Archive reference
- Add MS 22371
- Date(s)
- 13th century (CE, Gregorian)
- Provenance
- Many illegible owners' inscriptions, some erased (f. 2r);
- Semi-legible seal, and associated owner's inscription with name defaced (f. 3v).
- Immediate source of acquisition
Purchased from the Rev. Benjamin Webb (1819-1885), 8 May 1858
- Finding aids
- Cureton, William and Charles Rieu, Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum orientalium qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. Pars secunda, codices arabicos amplectens (London: The British Museum, 1846-71), Item 997, pp. 462
- Hamarneh, Sami, Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts on Medicine and Pharmacy at the British Library (Cairo: Les Editions Universitaires d’Egypte, 1975), Item 69, pp. 61-2
- Select Bibliography
Edition:
- Ibn Waḥsiyya, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn, al-Filāḥah al-nabaṭīyah. L'agriculture nabatéenne , ed. by Toufic Fahd (Dimashq: al-Maʻhad al-ʻIlmī al-Faransī lil-Dirāsāt al-ʻArabīyah, 1993-95) 3 vols
Study and partial translation:
- Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko, The last pagans of Iraq : Ibn Waḥshiyya and his Nabatean agriculture (Leiden: Brill, 2006)
Studies:
- Alves Carrara, Angelo, 'Geoponica and Nabatean Agriculture: A New Approach into their Sources and Authorship', in Arabic Sciences and Philosophy , 16 (2006) pp. 103-32
- Ullmann, Manfred, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam (Leiden: Brill, 1972), pp. 440-43
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al-Thānī min Kitāb al-Filāḥah الثاني من كتاب الفلاحة Ibn Waḥshīyah, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn أحمد بن الحسين، ابن وحشية, British Library: Oriental Manuscripts, Add MS 22371, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/node/9477> [accessed 17 June 2026]
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- Reference
- Add MS 22371
- Title
- al-Thānī min Kitāb al-Filāḥah الثاني من كتاب الفلاحة Ibn Waḥshīyah, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn أحمد بن الحسين، ابن وحشية
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, i-r:iv-v, 1r:257v, v-r:viii-v, back-i
- Author
- Please see item description
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- Public Domain

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































