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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [42v] (89/541)
The record is made up of 1 volume (267 folios). It was created in 1940s-1955. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Printed Collections.
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
70
• , J J- oc to i-inw he shall act in certain circumstances,
gives a straightforward directio nt Ru i er 0 f Dubai is similar in subject
to 0 'Le,r« N^2 'afjo'sLCSa, .he Ruler of Dubai regarded, the
matter to Letter ino. z , ‘ Ahma d bin Muhammad—/.c., as subjects
Awamir as su ^^ o the jurisdiction^ A js written by the Ruler of
fu the r.u L l! eT t °^il b ;nn L Ha 7 za and his nephew, Muhammad bin Khalifah,
Abu Dhabi to ‘Ahmad, Kin shows clearly that adminis^
who owns considerable property in the Liasis. & n is ; , nf i a i so that those
trative functions were being exercised by Ahmad in the Oasi^ and h? s ®
functionswereexercised onbehalf of the Ruler of A u These letters coverinp
to give positive instructions regarding the stolen prop y. ? g
as they do a period of a quarter of a century, were written at a time when there was
no Sahrdi influence of any kind in the Oasis, and show that, in the administration
of the day-to-day affairs of the inhabitants, the local Rulers dealt with the repre
sentatives of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi.
20. To-day the Ruler’s representative in Buraimi is not a Wali, but his brother,
Shaikh Za‘Id who lives permanently in his fort in Muwaiqih, and conducts himself
like the feudal overlord of all the tribes in the Oasis. In the Ruler s absence from
the Shaikhdom, Shaikh Za‘!d is given sovereign powers in Buraimi (1) In the winter,
he spends much of his time in the Khutum, wheie he settles the disputes ot the
Badawin tribes who frequent it. They submit absolutely to his jurisdiction, and
his decisions are accepted without question. In addition, there are in the Oasis
a Qadi, Thani bin ‘Ahmad, whose authority also extends to the Khatam, a tax-
collector (Muzakki), Muhammad bin Khalifah, and collectors of the water-taxes
(‘Arifs). The Muzakki has an assistant, named Muhammad bin Sultan.
21. Collection o/Zakat in Buraimi ,—Shaikh Za‘Id collects zakat in the villages
of al-‘Ain, Muhiridh, Hill, Jlml and Qatarah, at the same rate as in Llwa—z.e., 1
jarrab for every 10 on crops of 10 jarrabs or more. In Buraimi, however, the
jarrab is 70-80 lbs., as opposed to 180 in Llwa, so that the “ tax-free allowance'’
is smaller in Buraimi. No zakdt is collected from the palms of Muwaiqih, because
they all belong to members of the ruling family. In 1954, the zakdt collected
amounted to about 1200 jarrabs. No zakdt is levied on camels or any other
livestock.
22. Water Dues and Taxes. —Originally, the water-channels {‘afldj) were
owned by partners, who were allowed to take water in proportion to their share. If
any partner wanted more water than that to which his share entitled him, or if a
person who was not a partner wanted water, he could obtain it on payment of so
many
rupees
Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf.
an hour. This system still obtains, the payments being called masha\
Theoretically, the money collected goes to maintain the channel and the line of
wells supplying it. There is also a tax called naub, which is payable to the Ruler
by all users of water, including the owner of water-channels, but excluding, of
course, members of the Ruler’s family. The position at present obtaining is as
follows:—
al-'Ain
Mu’tiridh.
Qatara.
Jiml.
Hill
Masudi.
Muwaiqih.
Formerly both masha' and naub were paid as described above.
In 1954, however, the system was simplified, and the fees
consolidated and reduced. Now, a single tax of one rupee
for 3 hours water is paid by all except the Ruler’s family.
Naub is no longer paid because the channels are now owned
by members of the Ruler’s family. Masha’’ is paid at the
rate of 2
rupees
Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf.
for 3 hours in summer, and 1 rupee for 3
hours m winter.
Neither masha nor naub is paid. There is no falai in Masudi;
an , m Muwaiqi, all the gardens belong to members of the
Ruler s family.
Some of the Dhawahlr and others in various settlements—particular]v in a1-‘Ain-
^ This
15.
naub is in the banlf of nffi i ^r-channels and the collection of masha' a
Jlmi Hi and Oatara ( - ^)- There are ‘Arifs in al-‘A
J i, htili, and Qatara. In Mu tindh, Sultan bin Surur, head of the al-‘Ali t
(1) See Annex F, No. 4.
About this item
- Content
This volume relates to the arbitration concerning Buraimi [Al Buraymī] and the common frontier between Abu Dhabi and Sa'ūdi Arabia. The main body of text is a publication, which is introduced as being a '[M]emorial submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. The memorial, which was submitted to the arbitration tribunal, begins with an introduction and a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, concluded at Jedda [Jeddah] on 30 July 1954 and titled as follows: 'Arbitration Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom (Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness Sultan Said bin Taimur) and the Government of Saudi Arabia' (ff 8-10). The memorial itself is divided into two halves: vol I and vol II. Vol I (ff 10-83) provides an overview of the dispute, which is structured as follows:
- 'Part I: The Nature of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal' (ff 10-14)
- 'Part II: Topographical Description of the Two Areas in Dispute' (ff 14-17)
- 'Part III: Historical Bases of the Claims of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi and the Sultan of Muscat to the Areas in Dispute' (ff 18-30)
- 'Part IV: The Economy of the Disputed Areas' (ff 30-32)
- 'Part V: The Tribes' (ff 33-39)
- 'Part VI: The Exercise of Jurisdiction' (ff 40-44)
- 'Part VII: Sa'ūdi Pretensions to an Ancestral Claim to Territories in Eastern Arabia' (ff 44-46)
- 'Part VIII: Revival of the Sa'ūdi Dynasty After 1900, and the Subsequent Development of the Dispute' (ff 47-62)
- 'Part IX: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Burden of Proof…' (ff 62-64)
- 'Part X: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Factors Mentioned in Article IV of the Arbitration Agreement' (ff 65-83)
- 'Part XI: Final Submissions of the Government of the United Kingdom Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness the Sultān Sa‘īd bin Taymūr' (f 83v).
Vol II of the memorial (ff 84-254) is formed of thirteen annexes, which include the following: copies of texts of relevant treaties and engagements; copies of British documents relating to the history of Abu Dhabi and of the Buraimi Zone; copies of correspondence and documents relating to the development of the dispute; information about Līwa and the Buraimi Oasis; evidence concerning the exercise of jurisdiction by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi over the coast of the disputed area and the adjacent islands; notes on various tribes based in the disputed area; genealogical tables of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Muscat and 'Omān, and Najd.
The volume concludes with a series of maps (some of which are photocopies and are reduced in size), relating to the disputed area (ff 256-264). It should be noted that Map B is not present. However, included with the other maps is a gazetteer of place names (ff 265-268), in which each place name is given map co-ordinates, presumably referring to positions on the missing Map B. Written in pencil on the first page is the following note: 'Evaluates Map B'.
In addition, a small sketch map of Arabia appears at the beginning of the volume (f 4).
The Arabic material consists of some text in a couple of the maps found at the rear of the volume.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (267 folios)
- Arrangement
The main body of text is formed of two halves. The first half (vol I) consists of nine parts, most of which are divided into sections. The second half (vol II) is composed of thirteen annexes. Both halves are preceded by a table of contents.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, which is contained within a pouch attached to the inside back cover, with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [42v] (89/541), British Library: Printed Collections, B.S. 14/371, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100122625233.0x00005a> [accessed 5 July 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- B.S. 14/371
- Title
- 'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps]
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4r, 5r:7v, 10v:25v, 27r:28v, 30v:45v, 47r:57r, 58v:87v, 100r:107r, 109r:127r, 128r, 130r:141v, 142v:143v, 144v:145v, 155r:155v, 157r:157v, 158v, 160r:161r, 162r:165v, 168r:169v, 170v:171r, 173v, 175r:176r, 178r:178v, 181r:181v, 183r:183v, 185r:188v, 190r:201v, 203r:206v, 207v:208r, 209r:210r, 212v:213r, 216r:216v, 218r, 220r:220v, 222r:223v, 227v, 229r:232r, 233v:234r, 240v, 242r:244r, 246r:246v, 250r:251r, 252r:255r, 265r:268v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence