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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [243r] (490/982)
The record is made up of 1 volume (487 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1932-14 Jan 1937. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
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11 . During the night of the 14th-15th May the railway line between Basra
and Nasmyah was cut at Tall-al-Laham and Suq-al-Shiyukh Town was occunied
by the rebels, the police, however, continue to hold out in their post
' , VZ J he f ?r e l°l i he ^f.rapent at Diwaniyah seem adequate to restore
order m Rumaitha, but there is little left m reserve to move against the powerful
tribes of the Muntafiq Confederation. The one line of communication with the
Nasinyah hwa, which remains open, is down the Hai from Kut. The attitude
of the tribes on the Hai is most uncertain, and there is a danger that thpv win
join the revolt. Much will depend on Sheikh Khaiyun-al-Ubaid, thf Sheikh of
the Abudah tribe at Shatrah. If he joins the insurrection, the Nasiriyah liwa
will be cut off from all help, unless the Government forces restore order in
Rumaitha and move southwards down the Euphrates into the Muntafiq area
I understand that the column moving south from Diwaniyah is approaching
Rumaitha to-day and a decisive action may be fought during the next
twenty-four hours.
13. The danger of the revolt spreading is not limited to Diwaniyah and
Nasiriyah. The anti-Abdul Wahid and pro-Shiah sheikhs have many powerful
sympathisers in the Hillah liwa, between Diwaniyah and Bagdad. If they also
rebel, the forces now operating in the Middle Euphrates will be cut off from the
capital and their position will then be precarious.
14. It is unnecessary for me to emphasise the dangerous potentialities of
the situation. They will be clear enough to you from the above narrative. Events
are moving towards a trial of strength between the Government and the
Euphrates tribes, and it is by no means certain that the Government will win.
15. In Bagdad the situation is at present quiet and normal, though
naturally a variety of changing rumours are in constant circulation. The
members of the late Government do not seem to be taking advantage of
Yasin Pasha’s difficulties, and I am told that they have given no encouragement
to their tribal supporters to join in the insurrection. The press unanimously
condemns the rebel sheikhs and calls for the sternest repressive measures.
16. The Government endeavoured to deal with Sheikh Asadullah by
deporting him to Persia, on the plea that his claim to Iraqi nationality was
invalid. The Persian Government have, however, not yet agreed to accept him.
Meanwhile he is in Khanaqin.
17. I am sending a copy of this despatch to His Majesty’s Minister at
Tehran.
I have, &c.
ARCHIBALD CLARK KERR.
About this item
- Content
The volume contains correspondence and memoranda regarding relations between HM Government ( HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. ) and Iraq following independence, and private arrangements for the supply of information to HM Ambassador in Baghdad from British advisers to the Iraqi Government. The records also document the reaction of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Foreign Office to political developments within Iraq, and their concerns over the possible impact on British and Indian commercial interests in Iraq.
The following events are documented in the file:
- 1932. Opening of the Iraqi parliament, formation (and change) of cabinets, arrangements for conservancy of the Shatt al-Arab.
- 1933. The death of King Faisal [Fayṣal bin 'Alī al-Hāshimī], the accession and policy of King Ghazi [Ghāzī bin Fayṣal al-Hāshimī], cabinet crises, and protests against the continued relationship between HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. and the Government of Iraq.
- 1934. Political appointments and commercial development.
- 1935. Opposition group activities in Iraq, tribal revolts in the Middle Euphrates area, cabinet crises, Yezidi disturbances in Mosul, and discussion of the Assyrian question.
- 1936. The controversy surrounding the marriage of Princess Asa [Azza] to a Christian porter in Athens, and the proposals of the Iraqi cabinet that she be murdered, or the marriage annulled; suppression of tribal activity in the Rumaitha district; the coup d'état, and instigation of a new cabinet under Hikmat Suleiman.
The bulk of the volume consists of correspondence between the Foreign Secretary and HM Minister in Baghdad. A number of communications and official statements from the Government and King of Iraq are also present. The volume also contains the following items of particular interest:
- Record of a conversation between Sir Francis Humphrys and Yasin Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. Al Hashimi, ff 426-427.
- English translation of a letter of condolence from Amir Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan, to King Ghazi, ff 403-406.
- Notes on the economic benefits accruing to Britain in Iraq, ff 357-359, 367-369.
- Memorandum regarding the commercial interests of the British India in Iraq, with a list of commercial enterprises, ff 346-351.
- Letter from Humphrys to King Ghazi regarding the continuation of private arrangements to ensure the transfer of information between the Government of Iraq and HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. , f 312; with corresponding letter from King Ghazi to Humphrys, f 298.
- Communication sent by Archibald Clark Kerr to the Foreign Secretary (Viscount Eden), on the coup and its aftermath, ff 26-30.
The volume includes dividers which give lists of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence (folios 4-5).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (487 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-486; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [243r] (490/982), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2860, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100049057337.0x00005b> [accessed 24 March 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/2860
- Title
- Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:10r, 12r:17r, 19r:27r, 29r:34v, 36r:82v, 84r:100v, 103r:147v, 149r:208v, 210r:225v, 227r:249v, 251r:274v, 276r:287v, 289r:297v, 299r:306v, 308r:317v, 319r:331v, 333r:363r, 365r:379v, 381r:381v, 383r:387v, 389r:402v, 407r:421v, 423r:427v, 430r:462v, 464r:470v, 472r:482v, 487r:488v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence