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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [‎27r] (58/982)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (487 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1932-14 Jan 1937. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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this information from one Ahmed-al-Manassifi, the secretary to the Ministry of
Defence, whom he had now brought with him to the Embassy. In his turn Ahmed
had had it from Bekr feidqi and his officers. But there was more than this. It
was the intention of a group of these officers that night to murder Yasin,
Rashid Ali and Nuri himself. Nuri had been able to warn Yasin, who was now
in hiding in the town, but he had not been able to get into touch with Rashid Ali
He asked whether he himself might sleep the night at the Embassy. He had
evidently come prepared to do so, because he had brought a small piece of luggage
with him. I clearly could not refuse this request, but I save to it that Ahmed-al-
Manassifi got out of the house as discreetly and as quickly as possible. He had
obviously come unwillingly, and he wanted no speeding. ^ It needed some little
play-acting to be able to deal with Nuri and my dinner-party at the same time,
but I understand that none of my guests appreciated that anything very unusual
was afoot. ^ o ^
9. It seemed to me that no time should be lost in getting into touch with the
new Piime Minister, in acquainting him with the plot and in using such influence
a r ^ ^ ht ^ ave P reven t its being put into effect. For this purpose I asked
Mi. Edmonds to come at once to the Embassy, and I explained the situation to
him. At my request he went immediately to Hikmat’s house with a message from
me to the effect that murders such as I understood now to be planned, comin»’ on
top of the shooting of Jafar-al-Askari, which I should be obliged to report to you
would create so deplorable an impression in London that I could not foresee the
consequences. The first would probably be the rupture of relations with His
Majesty s Government. At the same time I urged the Prime Minister to take
instant measures to protect the lives of the three men concerned. It was about
1 ° clock when Mr. Edmonds returned, with an emphatic assurance from Hikmat
at he would not allow any of the late Ministers to be harmed, and that he was
taking the precaution of posting police guards on their houses. At the same time
he expressed appropriate horror at the murder of Jafar, adding, however that
he was m np way responsible for it, as it had taken place before he had accepted
ofhee. Ihe fault lay with the King for his thoughtlessness in allowing Jafar to
go to meet the army m its present temper.
10 Meanwhile I had sent Nuri to bed, for he was on the verge of a collapse
but, before doing so, I staged a little scene designed to suggest to the sentrv who
wVlffh him arrive that Nun was leaving by the same way as he had come", and.
h® the sentry s attention was re-engaged, Nuri got quickly back into the house
SurfeoVminT ^ f ° r b ° ySbut * was ^ ™ tune
froid Mr k a d!LnY he r 0rning 0 f .9 e followin g da y. the 30th, I received a visit
trom Mr Edmonds, who came with a message from the Prime Minister which
“f h T S h aSSUranCeS f f yT dlineSS and Ms WIsh that 1 should co-operate
Rashid Ali kfJA enCy o f vf atlS j yl .v g myse ! f beyond doubt that Yasin, Nuri and
to receivt me h an!l d T b P ut , be y ond , th e. reach of danger prompted me to ask him
him for aC.’A k Called T 11 hlm m Jhe course of the morning. I was with
fo^ndTAff ° h u U fd 1 we ?t t0 h ,m , I confess, full of prejudice, and I
friendto rndLT eWha .° my d i S T y ’ dlsarmed by his obvious desire to be
fo mv sirnlJ ‘he earnestness and the apparent sincerity with which he begged
tor my support. The assurances which he gave me of his belief in the neceisity
of to f r e ? dly relations between His Majesty’s Government and Iraq and
of his desire to have help and guidance from myself left, on the face of them
nothing to be desired^ He forestalled the observations which ] was about to
make concerning the folly and the dangers of the way in which he had come
into office by saying that he himself could see what was in my mind There was
no one who regretted these circumstances more than himself, or who appreciated
more than he did the dangers inherent in the part played by the army, but he
could promise me that his first preoccupation would he to put the army back
into its proper place. He would not remain a day in office if he failed to do
t to ^ was , n g> however, deterred from saying what I had meant to say, and
I said it with all frankness, and added that the whole circumstances of his coming
into office would be bound to make the worst possible impression in London I
said that His Majesty’s Government could hardly fail to assume that what, in
tact, had been set up m Iraq was a military dictatorship, and that I should
welcome any sign that he could give me to show this was not so. He ao-ain
[856 q—I] ,, 9 n

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Content

The volume contains correspondence and memoranda regarding relations between HM Government ( HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. ) and Iraq following independence, and private arrangements for the supply of information to HM Ambassador in Baghdad from British advisers to the Iraqi Government. The records also document the reaction of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Foreign Office to political developments within Iraq, and their concerns over the possible impact on British and Indian commercial interests in Iraq.

The following events are documented in the file:

  • 1932. Opening of the Iraqi parliament, formation (and change) of cabinets, arrangements for conservancy of the Shatt al-Arab.
  • 1933. The death of King Faisal [Fayṣal bin 'Alī al-Hāshimī], the accession and policy of King Ghazi [Ghāzī bin Fayṣal al-Hāshimī], cabinet crises, and protests against the continued relationship between HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. and the Government of Iraq.
  • 1934. Political appointments and commercial development.
  • 1935. Opposition group activities in Iraq, tribal revolts in the Middle Euphrates area, cabinet crises, Yezidi disturbances in Mosul, and discussion of the Assyrian question.
  • 1936. The controversy surrounding the marriage of Princess Asa [Azza] to a Christian porter in Athens, and the proposals of the Iraqi cabinet that she be murdered, or the marriage annulled; suppression of tribal activity in the Rumaitha district; the coup d'état, and instigation of a new cabinet under Hikmat Suleiman.

The bulk of the volume consists of correspondence between the Foreign Secretary and HM Minister in Baghdad. A number of communications and official statements from the Government and King of Iraq are also present. The volume also contains the following items of particular interest:

  • Record of a conversation between Sir Francis Humphrys and Yasin Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. Al Hashimi, ff 426-427.
  • English translation of a letter of condolence from Amir Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan, to King Ghazi, ff 403-406.
  • Notes on the economic benefits accruing to Britain in Iraq, ff 357-359, 367-369.
  • Memorandum regarding the commercial interests of the British India in Iraq, with a list of commercial enterprises, ff 346-351.
  • Letter from Humphrys to King Ghazi regarding the continuation of private arrangements to ensure the transfer of information between the Government of Iraq and HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. , f 312; with corresponding letter from King Ghazi to Humphrys, f 298.
  • Communication sent by Archibald Clark Kerr to the Foreign Secretary (Viscount Eden), on the coup and its aftermath, ff 26-30.

The volume includes dividers which give lists of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence (folios 4-5).

Extent and format
1 volume (487 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-486; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.

Written in
English in Latin script
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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [‎27r] (58/982), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2860, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100049057335.0x00003b> [accessed 31 March 2025]

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