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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [357r] (716/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
WATERWAYS
557
The Shatt al Arab is navigable as far as Maqil (the shipping centre
of Basra) by any vessel able to cross the bars at its entrance. The
Tigris is navigable by shallow-draught river steamers as far as
Baghdad, and with great difficulty by small steamers as far as Mosul
in the high-river season; on the Tigris above Mosul, and on the
Great and Little Zabs, navigation is downstream by rafts only. The
Euphrates and Shatt al Gharraf are navigable only by native sailing
craft.
The high-river season is normally from December to June, with
the maximum level on the Tigris in April and on the Euphrates in
May (figs. 3, 4): the minimum level occurs at the beginning of
October.
History
Navigation on the waterways of Iraq dates back to beyond classical
times (photos. 103, 104) and some of the types of craft still in use are
very ancient. The development of steamship traffic on the Tigris
was the consequence of Colonel Chesney’s classical journey in 1836
by steam paddleboat down the Euphrates from Birecik to Basra and
thence up to Baghdad. During the nineteenth century the Tigris
service was provided by the British company of Lynch Brothers and
by a rival subsidized Turkish company.
During the War of iqi 4 — i 9 ^^ the Inland Water Transport
organized a river supply service, and built the port of Basra, repair
workshops, and several fuel depots for the Tigris steamers. River
conservancy was also necessary, involving dredging, traffic control,
lighting, and bandalling—the use of bamboos and mats or wire
netting to divert water from shoals and so to scour one deep channel
instead of several smaller channels.
Between the wars steamer services were maintained on the Tigris
up to Baghdad, but railway competition soon led to greatly reduced
traffic and to neglect of conservancy, and irrigation diverted much
water from the navigable channels and also caused more silt to be
deposited. Increasing oil exports from Abadan led to the dredging
of the Rooka channel at the entrance to the Shatt al Arab, from 1924
onwards.
Since 1940 traffic on the Tigris has again been increased by the
temporary shipping difficulties in the Mediterranean, and by the
need to send aid by all possible routes to Russia. Channels have
again been improved by bandalling and dredging. The Kut-Baquba
Vi
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [357r] (716/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366481.0x000075> [accessed 22 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence