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'File X/3 Disorders & Raids near Basra & in Koweit [Kuwait] Hinterland' [‎45v] (90/303)

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The record is made up of 1 file (150 folios). It was created in 20 Apr 1909-23 Sep 1917. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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'ajf’oi
raid. This time, it is said, all Bedouins will be ordered to take their families
with them for their presence is supposed to infuse a higher courage in the
fighting men.
Extracts from Diary No. 13 of the Kuwait Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. for the week ending
30 th March igio.
* * * 28 th March. —It is reported that Shaikh Mubarak has made
fresh demands from all Kuwait people. Those who had given one “ Khabra ”
(a tent with seven men and five camels) for the first raid have now been asked
to give seven camels and ten men. Even the lowest class of people have had to
contribute. It is said that for the first raid the prostitutes were required to give
coffee pots each one from one to three pots according to her means. This time,
it is said, they have been asked to give bedding. Merchants who owe money
to the Shaikh for dates and loans taken from him have been pressed for
immediate payments but some are unable to comply having only goods and no
ready cash. All carpenters have been commandeered by the Shaikh’s men to
make camel saddles, etc. There is great scarcity of camel equipments in the
local market as what was available had been already bought up for the first raid.
Camels and firearms ar$ plentiful but their prices have almost doubled and the
Bedouins are reaping a golden harvest over the latter.
It is reported that Shaikh Mubarak has ordered men from Fao and Dora
to come and join him for the forthcoming raid. * * * #
2 gth March. —Among others who were killed in the recent raid, are Abdur
Rahman ibn Hallaf of the Shaikhs of Us Said of the Dhaffir section and Lahil ibn
Mundil of the Bani Khalid. Thamir ibn Sadun, it is said, was wounded. * * *
30 th March. —It is reported that Shaikh Mubarak has given Bin Saud
500 camels and 400 rifles towards fitting out his men. % % %
It is reported that Shaikh Mubarak has given clothes to all his fighting men
who have been looted by the Muntafik. * * *^
Note.
Shaikh MubaraPs Military Arrangements.
The unit of organisation is called a “ khabra ” and consists of
10 men with their arms.
7 “ Thaluls ^ with their equipment.
1 tent.
Food for as many days as may be ordered.
The richer merchants are assessed individually to provide so many “ khabra”
complete. Smaller tradesmen are lumped together as also are the Divers and
Boat Nakhudas. The men required for these “ khabra ” would be mostly hired
and paid by the persons providing the “ kha.bra ” at from $ 6 to § 8 a month
with food extra. Their arms and “thaluls” would belong to the “khabra”
owner.
Foreigners such as Persian merchants are assessed in cash at whatever sum
the Shaikh considers he can safely extract from them.
The Shaikh from this money and his own finances provides generally an
equal number of “ khabra” buying the camels himself and supplying the arms
and tents from his own stocks. Men required by the Shaikh for hfs “ khabra ”
in excess of his own permanent following would be impressed from the town
people and do not receive any hire beyond their food.
ci M^ n ac ^^ on to t } ie ^ove force, who would all be Kuwait town Arabs, the
Shaikh calls out such sections or whole tribes of Bedouin as he may require,
1
t
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Content

This file contains correspondence between British officials regarding the conflict between the Ruler of Kuwait, Shaikh Mubarak Al Sabah, and Shaikh Sa'dun Al Mansur of the Muntafich [Muntafiq] tribe as well as political developments in Kuwait and the Ottoman Province of Basra related to protracted tribal unrest and fighting in that region more broadly.

The majority of the correspondence in the file is between British officials (including the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Kuwait, Captain William Shakespear, and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. , Major Percy Zachariah Cox), but also enclosed are copies of a series of letters (in Arabic with English translations) that were exchanged between Shaikh Mubarak and the Ottoman Governor of Basra in 1911 (folios 85-96,120-121 & 124-125).

In addition to correspondence, the file contains several relevant extracts from the diary of the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. in Kuwait, including detailed descriptions of a number of armed clashes between the forces of Shaikh Mubarak and Shaikh Sa'dun.

The file also contains a memorandum entitled 'Disturbances on the Tigris' written in 1909 by Francis Edward Crow, the British Consul in Basra (folios 8-13) and a cutting in Arabic from the Cairo newspaper Al Moayed from 19 June 1910 that gives details of a battle between a force under the leadership of Shaikh Jaber Mubarak Al Sabah and Shaikh Sa'dun Al Mansur (folio 71).

The file also contains correspondence concerning the robbery of a British individual named William Hickey in Kuwait in 1910 (folios 63-65).

Extent and format
1 file (150 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 152; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-151; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled. A previous foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File X/3 Disorders & Raids near Basra & in Koweit [Kuwait] Hinterland' [‎45v] (90/303), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/5/26, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100034862302.0x00005b> [accessed 10 August 2026]

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