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'P. 1 733/1904. Muscat Arbitration. (1904-08).' [‎266r] (538/778)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (385 folios). It was created in 1903-1906. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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7
de Son Altesse sont convaincus de quelque crime ou
infraction punissable par la loi, ils seront congedies par
les f ran^ais an service desquels ils se trouveraient, et
livres aux autorites locales.
4. W hen this Treaty was concluded the
dominions of the Sultan of Muscat included the
territories of Zanzibar, which became an inde-
August 5, 1890. pendent Sultanate in 1856, and in 1890 fell under
the Protectorate of Great Britain, in virtue of
arrangements made with France and Germany.
5. The Sultan of Muscat has also from time
to time concluded Treaties of Friendship and
Commerce with Great Britain. The Treaty at
present in force was concluded on the 19th August,
1891, and the ratifications were exchanged at
Muscat on the 20th February, 1892. The full
text of the Treaty is given in the Appendix to
this Case. The following Articles appear to be
material to the present controversy, as affecting
the application of the most-favoured-nation clause
in the French Treaty of 1844 :—
“ARTICLE II.
“ Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, for the
purposes of this Treaty, include subjects of native
States in India in alliance with Her Majesty. Such
subjects shall enjoy, immediately and unconditionally,
throughout the dominions of His Highness the Sultan
of Muscat, with respect to commerce, shipping, and
the exercise of trade, as in every other respect, all
the rights, privileges, immunities, advantages, and
protection of whatsoever nature, which are, or here
after may be, enjoyed by, or accorded to, the subjects
or citizens of the most favoured nation.
“ They shall, more especially, not be liable to other
or more onerous duties, imposts, restrictions, or obliga
tions of whatever description, than those to which
subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation now
are, or hereafter may be, subjected.
“ARTICLE XIII.
“ Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, as regards
their person and property, enjoy within the dominions
of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat the rights of
exterritoriality.
“ The authorities of His Highness the Sultan have
no right to interfere in disputes with subjects of Her
Britannic Majesty amongst themselves or between
them and members of other Christian nations; such
questions, whether of a civil or criminal nature, shall
be decided by the competent Consular authorities.
The trial and also the punishment of all offences and
crimes of which British subjects may be accused within
[1413] C
I ^

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Content

The volume discusses a dispute between the British and French Government’s over the use of French flags on Muscat dhows and individuals dhow A term adopted by British officials to refer to local sailing vessels in the western Indian Ocean. owners from Muscat claiming to be protégés of France owing to their vessels being registered as French.

The two governments agreed in October 1904 for the dispute to be taken to the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, and the award, which was approved by the British Government in September 1905, was concluded primarily in favour of the British Government’s position. The complete award in English and French can be found at folios 135-141.The papers include reports and discussions on other matters linked to the arbitration case including the limits of Oman territory; the question of ownership of Gwadar; and the legal status and nationality of the Khoja peoples residing within Muscat and Oman. The principal correspondents in the volume include the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne); the Secretary of State for India (William St John Fremantle Brodrick, 1st Earl of Middleton); the Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department (Louis William Dane); the Viceroy of India (George Nathaniel Curxon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston); the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. and Consul at Muscat (William George Grey); the French Consul at Muscat (Lucien-Ernest-Roger Laronce); the French Ambassador to the United Kingdom (Paul Cambon); and representatives of the Foreign Office and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. .

The volume is part 1 of 3. Each part includes a divider which gives the subject and part numbers, year the subject file was opened, subject heading, and list of correspondence references contained in that part by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 volume (385 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.

The subject 733 (Muscat Arbitration) consists of 3 volumes, IOR/L/PS/10/25-27. The volumes are divided into 6 parts with parts 1 and 2 comprising one volume each, and parts 4, 5, and 6, comprising the third volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1 and terminates at the back cover with 386; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence, which is also circled, has been superseded and therefore crossed out.

Condition: The spine has become detached from the volume and has been placed in a polyester sleeve at the back of the volume as folio 395. The sleeve may result in some loss of sharpness in the digitised image.

Written in
English in Latin script
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'P. 1 733/1904. Muscat Arbitration. (1904-08).' [‎266r] (538/778), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/10/25, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100026193161.0x00008b> [accessed 30 March 2025]

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