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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [36r] (71/565)
The record is made up of 1 volume (285 folios). It was created in 13 Sep 1920-8 Nov 1921. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
forms for registration of country craft forwarded therewith, have been delivered to
me only this morning, having arrived last night.
I have explained the use of these forms to Bin Saud and have requested His
Excellency kindly to send the books in due proportion to his ports of Qatif, Ojair
and Jubail for use there. I am glad to report that Bin Sard has after some discus
sion, agreed to order the registration of Najd, Hassa and Qatif dhows at an early
date and is sending the books of forms to the Amirs in the above three ports with
letters of instructions to enforce registration.
I have at his request filled up one form to serve as sample.
Enclosure IV to Serial No. (40).
Memorandum No. l^-C., dated the 20th Dhil-Qaadah 1338 (Gth August 1920).
From—Khan Sahib Saiyid Siddiq Hassan , Indian Assistant, Bahrein (on deputa-
» tion with the Nejd Pilgrimage, Riyadh),
To-—The
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, Bahrein.
I beg to report the following items of news, etc., which have partly been gleaned
in conversation with Bin Saud and others, and partly obtained by means of secret
informers :—
(1) Reference my memorandum* No. 12 of 1st instant (31st July ?), I received
secret information that Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman, Bin Saud's brother, received
a letter on 1st August, informing him of the Ikhwan victory^over Bani Abdullah,
'and capture of Al-Hurra, west of Medina. The latter stated that the Ikhwan killed
400 of the inhabitants and did not spare women and children. Qn reading this,
Abdullah is said to have spoken to those present, expressing his disgust and horror
saying that this was not in Islam, that such brutality was not permitted in any
religion, and that he feared the Ikhwan will sooner or later incur God's wrath.
When visiting Bin Saud the same afternoon, I waited to hear something of it,
but when nothing was mentioned by him, I said I had heard firing of some 20 shots
early in the morning and wondered what was the matter. Bin Saud said, " Oh, it
was a trifling thing. A man has come with news of some Ikhwan ghazu and success
over Bani Abdullah ; the man calls it busharah (happy news) and wants a
44 dhalul " (riding camel) as his own died on the way ; 1 shall give him one—a
common thing." It will be noticed that Bin Saud did not like to enlighten me on
the subject for the obvious reason that this might be reported to His Majesty's
Government as one of his (or Ikhwans activities against Hejaz).
-(2) Reference previous reports. Bin Saud has now received letters from 'Asir
saying that the Ikhwan, under Abdul Aziz bin Musaid as Saud, have gained
- complete victory. They have captured Hajlah and Ubbaha or (Iblaba) the capital
of ? Asir, after a siege of ten days. Two thousand of the garrison and inhabitants
are reported to have been killed, but the ruler, Bin Marai, escaped to the hills.
Ikhwan loss reported to be 15 men killed and 4 horses. The Akhwan are in occupa
tion and Bin Musaid has appointed Amirs of towns and villages from among the
inhabitants themselves. He has offered to restore the town and everything else
looted or captured provided that Bin Marai and his people become Moslims (Ikhwan).
Imam Idrisi, advised by the late Turkish Wali, who is said to have managed some
how or other to remain on, is co-operating with Bin Saud's forces, and giving them
moral and material help, the reason being that the Imam idxisi is very friendly
to Bin Saud, and an enemy of the Sharif who is said to have instigated the ruler of
'Asir to commit certain aggressive acts against both the Idrisi and Bin Saud.
Above is nearly fully confirmed by Bin Saud in conversation.
(3) The Ikhwan and their ulema (learned men or priests) are no less a source of
anxiety and worry to Bin Saud than a satisfaction in having so many of them as a
ready weapon. On the evening of the 3rd instant I heard (from my quarters, which
are separated by a wall from the evening majlis of the Imam) him deliverimg a long
address in loud harsh tone : " You have to obey God and His Prophet (peace of
God be on his soul"). He always repeats this pious phrase when speaking or
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and notes relating to Ibn Sa'ud and the affairs of Najd. The correspondence is mostly between: Harold Dickson, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Percy Cox, the High Commissioner in Baghdad; Ibn Sa'ud; King Hussein of the Hijaz; the Government of India, in Simla and Calcutta; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , in London; the Foreign Office, in London; Arthur Trevor, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire; and Siddiq Hassan, the Indian assistant in Bahrain.
Most of the volume relates to the territorial and political disputes between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, with particular coverage of the mission to Mecca to conclude an agreement between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, carried out by Ahmad bin Abdullah al-Thanaiyan, and Siddiq Hassan and Farhan al Rahmah, the Sa'udi and British representatives respectively.
Notable is the diary of Siddiq Hassan (ff 103-116v) written during his mission to Mecca, and his notes on the numerous meetings he had with King Hussein and the talks between the latter and Thanaiyan. Included as appendices to these notes are the following: a draft, in Arabic, of the eventual agreement signed by the two parties; a letter, in Arabic, from Hassan bin 'Ali ibn 'Aayidh, Chief of 'Assir, to King Hussein; another letter in Arabic from King Hussein to Siddiq Hassan; and an English translation of the finalised agreement. Also present is a report of the journey by Farhan al-Rahmah (ff. 116v-121v).
Other topics covered by the volume are as follows:
- the continued fighting and negotiations between Ibn Sa'ud and the Ikhwan on the one side and the al-Rashid (Shammar) on the other;
- the ongoing border dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and Kuwait;
- developments in 'Asir and the 'Idrisi movement;
- Ibn Sa'ud's British subsidy;
- revolt in Iraq and Syria, and the spread of Arab Nationalism;
- relations between Ibn Sa'ud and other tribal groups, and his growing influence in the region.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (285 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is largely arranged in chronological order. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 2, 3). The index entries refer to the original folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: Numbers are written in pencil, in the top right corner, on the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. The numbering is irregular, begins on the first folio at the front of the volume and is as follows: 1A-E, 2-78, 99-121, 162-165, 166A, 166B, 167-172, 173A, 173B, 174-177, 178A, 178B, 179-181, 183-198, 199, 199A-199Z, 199A1-199Q1, 200-237, 239-293. There are no folios numbered 182 or 238. Fold-out folios: 199A1, 199F1.
Condition: the spine cover is detached from the volume and enclosed in a plastic sleeve numbered folio 372, at the back of the volume. The plastic sleeve may cause some loss of sharpness to the digital image of the spine cover.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [36r] (71/565), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/558, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025813201.0x000048> [accessed 22 February 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/558
- Title
- 'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:177v, 178v:183v, 184v:282r, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence