'Narrative of a journey to the site of Babylon in 1811, now first published: memoir on the ruins; with engravings from the original sketches by the author: remarks on the topography of ancient Babylon, by Major Rennell; in reference to the memoir: second memoir on the ruins; in reference to Major Rennell's remarks: with narrative of a journey to Persepolis: now first printed, with hitherto unpublished cuneiform inscriptions copied at Persepolis: by the late Claudius James Rich, Esq., formerly the Resident of the Hon. East India Company at Bagdad. Edited by his widow.' [‎50] (128/474)

50
MEMOIR ON THE RUINS
mahalles or parishes; but there is only one mosque
in the town, all the other places of worship being
mere ibadetgahs or oratories. The walls are of mud,
and present a truly contemptible appearance; but
the present Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Bagdad has ordered a new wall
to be constructed of the finest Babylonian bricks.
The gates are three in number, and, as usual in the
East, each takes the name of the principal place it
leads to, the northern one being called the gate of
Hussein or Kerbela, the centre that of Tahmasia (a
large village in the neighbourhood), and the south
ern the gate of Nejef or Imam Ali. The little street
on the eastern side is also closed by a gate, or rather
door. The gardens on both sides the river are very
extensive, so that the town itself from a little dis
tance appears embosomed in a wood of date-trees;
on the outer verge of the gardens on the west, small
redans are established, within sight and hearing of
each other, in each of which a matchlockman
mounts guard at night; and for greater security
against the marauders of the Desert, the late Ali
Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. dug an ample trench round the whole, and
built a citadel (which, as usual in these countries, is
nothing more than a square inclosure) in the town,
on the bank of the river.
Among the gardens a few hundred yards to the
west of the Husseinia gate, is the Mesjid-el-Shems, a
mosque built on the spot where popular tradition
says a miracle, similar to that of the prophet Joshua,
was wrought in favour of Ali, and from this the