"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎٥‎٠] (٤٧٤/١٢٨)

50
MEMOIR ON THE RUINS
mahalles or parishes; but there is only one mosque
in the town, all the other places of worship being
mere ibadetgahs or oratories. The walls are of mud,
and present a truly contemptible appearance; but
the present Pasha of Bagdad has ordered a new wall
to be constructed of the finest Babylonian bricks.
The gates are three in number, and, as usual in the
East, each takes the name of the principal place it
leads to, the northern one being called the gate of
Hussein or Kerbela, the centre that of Tahmasia (a
large village in the neighbourhood), and the south
ern the gate of Nejef or Imam Ali. The little street
on the eastern side is also closed by a gate, or rather
door. The gardens on both sides the river are very
extensive, so that the town itself from a little dis
tance appears embosomed in a wood of date-trees;
on the outer verge of the gardens on the west, small
redans are established, within sight and hearing of
each other, in each of which a matchlockman
mounts guard at night; and for greater security
against the marauders of the Desert, the late Ali
Pasha dug an ample trench round the whole, and
built a citadel (which, as usual in these countries, is
nothing more than a square inclosure) in the town,
on the bank of the river.
Among the gardens a few hundred yards to the
west of the Husseinia gate, is the Mesjid-el-Shems, a
mosque built on the spot where popular tradition
says a miracle, similar to that of the prophet Joshua,
was wrought in favour of Ali, and from this the