"سرد لرحلة إلى موقع مدينة بابل في ١٨١١، طُبعت الآن لأول مرة: مذكرات على الأطلال؛ مع نقوش من الخرائط المدبئية للمؤلف: ملاحظات على طبوغرافية بابل القديمة،بقلم الرائد رينيل؛ في إشارة إلى المذكرات: مذكرات ثانية على الأطلال؛ في إشارة إلى ملاحظات الرائد رينيل: مع سرد لرحلة إلى برسبوليس: طُبعت الآن لأول مرة، مع كتابات مسمارية نسخت في برسبوليس ولم تُنشر من قبل: كتبها الراحل كلوديوس جيمس ريتش، المحترم، المقيم البريطاني السابق لشركة الهند الشرقية في بغداد. حررته أرملته." [‎١‎١‎٧] (٤٧٤/٢٠٥)

ANCIENT BABYLON.
117
of Anns, or Citadel; and it was by no means a bad
design. The rampart was doubtless extended to the
river bank, wheresoever it might have been at that
time, as on the opposite side of the circle. Now, I
have an idea, that when the Turks call the Mujelibe
the Kalaa, or Citadel, they allude to the use that had
latterly been made of the ruin, in the state it then
was, and which had been handed down by tradition-
And hence, there may have been some alterations
introduced, in order to adapt it the better to its new
character.
It appears pretty certain from the dimensions of
the ruins, that the Tower (admitting the Mujelibe to
be such) could never have been raised on an
lateral base; since accident cannot be supposed to
have occasioned such a difference between the length
of the sides that face the north and south, and those
that face the east and west, and which have, at a
mean, a difference of about one-fourth part. So that
the ruin is a 'parallelogram, whose longest sides lie
east and west. This is a circumstance quite unex
pected, and serves to show that Herodotus took for
granted that it was equilateral; as he did, that the
Great Palace and Tower of Belus stood directly
opposite to each other, across the river: for which
latter mistake, however, some excuse may possibly be
offered.* As the circumference of the Tower appears
to have been nearly about four stadia, (that is, in its
^ That is, if the river had, at the time he saw it, deviated from its
straight course through the city, or had not originally been made so.