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Correspondence Relating to Ibn Saud Circulated to Kuwait by Other Gulf Posts [189r] (377/408)
The record is made up of 1 file (202 folios). It was created in 29 May 1919-14 Sep 1922. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
23
more especially from Sha’araii
roughly handled in the Hejag
atfXtbu^uI? 8 ^“ SUrfaCe! "
all the tribes that x\ e id-Hab™,Td,! t f ® larlt ' las sent out warning to
hindrance. Ahmad Tl)anaivanafd M a f bea 0VVed ^ wifhout lefc or
ing news as they have, from time t-o^ti'me !' 1 ' 6 ^ S - ad to S et this reassur -
onwards, been betraying great fears of bein’*
(in clue re-pax ment of repeated Akhwan raids)!
(fooler^' SinCe y0Stel ‘ day the heatis less aad the gharbiwind has become
at intervals a'mnusf lie'lWe d '° Ut | ! ^ es 0 y er ston y ground with tracts of sands
iiiiLivais, and just before sunset passed over a few miles of deeo sand« Ar
*SifSbi?To~ the T®^ , m0 ?.? -and the " hole P art . v at once started the
but AlX At, n • ( er a * V La - lla! )a-,U-Allaho-Al| a h-o-Akbar=there is no God
“ ab.. AUah ,s the greatest of all) aloud, in somewhat of a chorus of forty
voices, which sounded strange in the desert and was very gratifying to me It
t ! n “! d T f ° r ab ° Ut an hour - St0 PPed for prayers and ih<5n resumed marching
1-6. Halted at 1-30 a m. in a sandy plain. The ni^ht is pitch dark ami
cloudy and many flashes of lightning seen in south. No wind P ; rather hot *
but sheer fatigue induced sleep. n0L '
127. Monday, 16th Auyust=lst Dhil Hijjah.—Started at f-30 a m after
the usual burned prayers, which do not satisfy me.. Good gharbi fwestl wind
on, and road is over level sandy ground. Next water is atT Ion" d stance
so we are very particular about our stock, and FarPan enjoins and enforces
stnctest economy. Ihe whole Nejdi party continues to keen as reticent and
3 ^° f n S f eV *' r> ° nly Ahm f ( ? 1 Thailai yan occasionally—twice or thrice daily—comes
and chats in camp or while riding along. I have always tried and urned ou
conversation to our mission, which I call “ his own mbsion ”. He ( a ^reat
l )f Bl ^. Saau ) a ) wa y s talks ill of the poor Sharif, minimizes hisimport-
ance ancl^posUron and jeers at Ins actu ns ; and often finishes by sayino* that
Abdul Aziz could take Mecca and for the matter of that, the whole of the
Hejaz, m a day if he had the %st wish to do so, etc. I, on the contrary, as
mten speak of the importance and necessity of peace and tranquillity, of the
desirability of general concord and agreement between the two Arab rulers,
he friends of is britannic Majesty s Government, who had expressed their
great concern at rhe continued dilferences between these two friends, and had
evinced a sincere desire to see peace and progress in Arabia ; who, as a friendly
and protecting power would not like one of the friends to transgress the rights
( ' , e °^J ier ’ ^ ^ kad/after several proposals, at last, arranged* by the consent
cd both, to send this present mission. I appealed to Ahmad Thanaiyan’s broad-
minded ness, and a,so pointed out the personal advantages of accomplishing the
worx; that he will gam good name and ere lit not only with Bin Saud but
also in the eyes of ^iis Britannic Majesty’s Government, etc I noticed a
gradua fayouiable change in his views. In one of the conversations he said
he was not ful y and implicitly trusted by Bin Saud ; that a few years back he
had been open,y distrusted on account of some difference of opinion with the
Imam Abdur Bahman (by the^ way, Ahmad Thanaiyan did not use the word
Imam for A ho ur Bahman in talking to me) ; that he had consequently
secretly left Biyaoh and gone down to Hassa, and then to Bahrein ; that a
rumour was set afloat in Nejd. that he was going to claim and fight for the ruler-
ship of Nejd. . This was a foolish idea as he neveig-dreamt of this position or
rank, which his father, ’Abdullah, had renounced and gone over to Constanti
nople. On this pretence his return to Nejd was secured by Bin Saud through
tha good offices of Sir Percy Cox. Incidentally, Ahmad Thanaiyan, expressed
gratitude for the kind and considerate treatment he had received from Sir Percy
Cox at Basrah. On. the whole, I was now satisfied that Ahmad Thanaiyan
was amenable to reason and advice, and thus prepared to make matters smooth
as much as possible. Anyhow, he w as imbued with the spirit of * toleration
and conciliation instead of the intense hatred and blind opposition with which
he came out of Riyadh.
128. Halted at 11-30 a.m. in a sandy plain situated in the midst of low
hills. Strong gharbi is blowing and it is very hot and dusty. All food and
About this item
- Content
The file contains correspondence relating to Ibn Saud [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also written as Bin Saud in the file], Amir of Nejd [Emir of Najd], forwarded to the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Kuwait, by other British officials in the Gulf region. The correspondence primarily covers relations between Ibn Saud and Hussain [Al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī al-Hāshimī, also written as Husain and Hussein in the file, and also referred to as ‘the Sharif’], King of Hejaz [also written as Hijaz and Hedjaz in the file], during a British-imposed ceasefire that followed hostilities over possession of Khurma [al-Khurmah]. Subjects covered in the correspondence include:
- Ibn Saud’s possession of Khurma and Tarabah [Turabah], and the potential threat this poses towards Taif [Ta’if]
- Claims by both Ibn Saud and Hussain that the other is continuing to commit hostile actions
- Arrangements for a potential meeting between Ibn Saud and Hussain for peace talks, initially planned to take place at Aden, but changed to Mecca at Ibn Saud’s suggestion
- A request from Ibn Saud for two Indian Muslim officers to be appointed to oversee pilgrims from Nejd who will accompany Ibn Saud’s journey to Mecca, and the appointment of two officers from the Political Agency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, headed by an agent. , Bahrein [Bahrain]: Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan [Khān Ṣāḥib Sayyid Ṣādiq Ḥasan] and Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah [Shaikh Farḥān Beg al-Raḥmah]
- Hussain’s refusal to remove his embargo against pilgrims from Nejd being allowed into Hejaz, and Ibn Saud’s subsequent postponement of his own journey to Mecca in favour of a small diplomatic mission on his behalf
- The departure of the mission to Mecca under Ibn Saud’s cousin Ahmad Al-Thenyan [Aḥmad bin ‘Abdullāh bin Ibrāhīm bin Thunayān Āl Saʿūd, also written as Ahmad ibn Thunaiyan and Thaniyan in the file], and accompanied by Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan and Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah, in August 1920
- Discussions between Hussain and Al-Thenyan, an agreement signed between them to re-establish friendly relations, and the mission’s return to Nejd
- Arrangements for a meeting at Ojair [Al ‘Uqayr] between Ibn Saud and Sir Percy Cox, British High Commissioner in Baghdad
- The awarding of an honorary GCIE to Ibn Saud
- Reports in 1921 and 1922 that Ibn Saud is preparing to attack Hejaz and besiege Mecca.
Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan’s reports from Riyadh in July and August 1920, including accounts of meetings with Ibn Saud, are on folios 78-113. His diary of the journey from Riyadh to Mecca is on folios 178-191. Shaikh Farhan Beg Al Rahmah’s report of the mission to Mecca and account of the return journey is on folios 191-196.
The primary correspondents are: the High Commissioner, Cairo; the Civil Commissioner, Baghdad; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Bahrein; Khan Sayib Syed Siddiq Hasan; and Ibn Saud. Other correspondents include: the British Agent, Jeddah; the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. , Koweit [Kuwait]; Hussain’s son Faisal [Fayṣal bin Ḥusayn al-Hāshimī, later King of Iraq]; the Foreign Office; and the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. .
The file contains a single item in Arabic, a letter from Ibn Saud to Sir Percy Cox dated 24 August 1922, which is on folios 202-203. An English summary of the contents is on folio 201.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (202 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the front to the rear of the file.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 204; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence between ff 178-196.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Correspondence Relating to Ibn Saud Circulated to Kuwait by Other Gulf Posts [189r] (377/408), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/5/398, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100140171419.0x0000b2> [accessed 5 January 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/R/15/5/398
- Title
- Correspondence Relating to Ibn Saud Circulated to Kuwait by Other Gulf Posts
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:8v, 10v, 13v, 15v, 18v:23v, 27v, 30v, 33v:34v, 37v:38v, 39v:42v, 48v:113v, 114v:117v, 120v:123v, 127v:142v, 144v:145v, 146v:147v, 148v:149v, 150v:159v, 161v:174v, 176v:201v, 203v, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence