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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [193r] (390/541)
The record is made up of 1 volume (267 folios). It was created in 1940s-1955. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Printed Collections.
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
217
(3) The United Kingdom Government’s traditional support of Abu Dhabi’s
claims to the Khor al Odaid could not operate to transfer sovereignty
over the area to the Ruler. s
(4) Abu Dhabi alleges that Dhafara and the Sabkhat Matti are occupied
by the Manasir aiKl the Beni Yas and that the latter are greater in number
The Beni Yas spend most of their time in Liwa and the remainder in Abu
Dhabi town and the coast. It is also stated that some of the Manasir possess
palm trees in Liwa and that they spend most of the summer there and then
move to the pastures.
The Saudi Government claim that not all the Beni Yas belong to Abu
Dhabi: many belong to Saudi Arabia and have no connection with Abu
Dhabi, e.g. the Mazan. The statement that the Beni Yas are more than
the Manasir is false, as there is no accurate census of the tribes. Dhafara is
well-known to be the dirah of the Manasir and other Arabs found there
are considered to be outsiders. Had not the Saudi Government established
security in the area, it would not have been safe or possible for other tribes
to go there.
(5) It was alleged that the Beni Yas as well as the Manasir belong to
Abu Dhabi and that the latter fought for Abu Dhabi in the war between
Abu Dhabi and Dubai and there is a record of the Manasir killed.
The Saudi Government admitted that some of the Beni Yas belonged to
Abu Dhabi but not the Manasir. The United Kingdom Government has
already recognised that the Manasir as a Saudi tribe in an exchange of
letters in 20th April, 1942, annexed to the Anglo-Saudi agreement concerning
Kuwait. Therefore the claim that the Manasir belong to anybody else but
Saudi Arabia is unfounded.
(6) It was alleged that the Shaikh of Abu Dhabi collects zakat only on
growing crops and not camels. The Saudi Government claimed that zakat
which is collected on dates should not be considered as Shar’s zakat, but
merely as personal gifts in some years from some of the Beni Yas. The real
zakat is that collected by the Saudi Government in Dhafara.
(7) The Saudi Government claimed that the birth of the brother of the
Ruler of Abu Dhabi in Liwa is not evidence to support his claim to that place.
(8) It was alleged that in 1369 Ahmed bin Fadhil was appointed by the
Ruler of Abu Dhabi as Wali of Liwa and Shaikh Badr as Qadhi. Why was
there no Wali before 1369? Is it not the case that they went to Liwa as
ordinary persons? They did not stay for more than two months and during
their short stay they had no official capacity. Their visit cannot therefore
be considered as evidence in support of Abu Dhabi’s claim.
(9) It was alleged that the Manasir and the Beni Yas belong to the Maliki
school of law and therefore do not belong to Saudi Arabia. This statement
would not have been made by anyone who knew anything about the four
schools of law in Islam, namely Maliki, Shafi’i, Hanbali and Hanafi. In
Saudi Arabia Qadhis are not required to belong to any particular school.
The Qadhi of Dhahran belongs to the Maliki school of law and we doubt
whether Abu Dhabi would claim Dhahran.
(10) With regard to the quotations from Lorimer’s Gazzetteer, Lorimer
was no more than a British official and his statements cannot contradict
facts, and therefore cannot be accepted.
(11) As to the topographical argument, the local geographical features
to the north of the Rub al Khali do not support a claim to a natural boundary
passing through Al Qaraini.
The Amir Faisal then stated that this was only a preliminary statement in
reply to the statement submitted on behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi dining
the last meeting. He said that he did not wish to go into detail because then it
would be difficult to reach an early agreement.
Sir Rupert Hay agreed with the Amir Faisal that exchanges of detailed
evidence could go on indefinitely and it would be very difficult to reach an early
settlement by that method.
The Amir Faisal enquired what procedure Sir Rupert proposed to further
the discussions.
48109 2 F
vy
About this item
- Content
This volume relates to the arbitration concerning Buraimi [Al Buraymī] and the common frontier between Abu Dhabi and Sa'ūdi Arabia. The main body of text is a publication, which is introduced as being a '[M]emorial submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. The memorial, which was submitted to the arbitration tribunal, begins with an introduction and a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, concluded at Jedda [Jeddah] on 30 July 1954 and titled as follows: 'Arbitration Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom (Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness Sultan Said bin Taimur) and the Government of Saudi Arabia' (ff 8-10). The memorial itself is divided into two halves: vol I and vol II. Vol I (ff 10-83) provides an overview of the dispute, which is structured as follows:
- 'Part I: The Nature of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal' (ff 10-14)
- 'Part II: Topographical Description of the Two Areas in Dispute' (ff 14-17)
- 'Part III: Historical Bases of the Claims of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi and the Sultan of Muscat to the Areas in Dispute' (ff 18-30)
- 'Part IV: The Economy of the Disputed Areas' (ff 30-32)
- 'Part V: The Tribes' (ff 33-39)
- 'Part VI: The Exercise of Jurisdiction' (ff 40-44)
- 'Part VII: Sa'ūdi Pretensions to an Ancestral Claim to Territories in Eastern Arabia' (ff 44-46)
- 'Part VIII: Revival of the Sa'ūdi Dynasty After 1900, and the Subsequent Development of the Dispute' (ff 47-62)
- 'Part IX: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Burden of Proof…' (ff 62-64)
- 'Part X: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Factors Mentioned in Article IV of the Arbitration Agreement' (ff 65-83)
- 'Part XI: Final Submissions of the Government of the United Kingdom Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness the Sultān Sa‘īd bin Taymūr' (f 83v).
Vol II of the memorial (ff 84-254) is formed of thirteen annexes, which include the following: copies of texts of relevant treaties and engagements; copies of British documents relating to the history of Abu Dhabi and of the Buraimi Zone; copies of correspondence and documents relating to the development of the dispute; information about Līwa and the Buraimi Oasis; evidence concerning the exercise of jurisdiction by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi over the coast of the disputed area and the adjacent islands; notes on various tribes based in the disputed area; genealogical tables of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Muscat and 'Omān, and Najd.
The volume concludes with a series of maps (some of which are photocopies and are reduced in size), relating to the disputed area (ff 256-264). It should be noted that Map B is not present. However, included with the other maps is a gazetteer of place names (ff 265-268), in which each place name is given map co-ordinates, presumably referring to positions on the missing Map B. Written in pencil on the first page is the following note: 'Evaluates Map B'.
In addition, a small sketch map of Arabia appears at the beginning of the volume (f 4).
The Arabic material consists of some text in a couple of the maps found at the rear of the volume.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (267 folios)
- Arrangement
The main body of text is formed of two halves. The first half (vol I) consists of nine parts, most of which are divided into sections. The second half (vol II) is composed of thirteen annexes. Both halves are preceded by a table of contents.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, which is contained within a pouch attached to the inside back cover, with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [193r] (390/541), British Library: Printed Collections, B.S. 14/371, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100122625234.0x0000bf> [accessed 5 July 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- B.S. 14/371
- Title
- 'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps]
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4r, 5r:7v, 10v:25v, 27r:28v, 30v:45v, 47r:57r, 58v:87v, 100r:107r, 109r:127r, 128r, 130r:141v, 142v:143v, 144v:145v, 155r:155v, 157r:157v, 158v, 160r:161r, 162r:165v, 168r:169v, 170v:171r, 173v, 175r:176r, 178r:178v, 181r:181v, 183r:183v, 185r:188v, 190r:201v, 203r:206v, 207v:208r, 209r:210r, 212v:213r, 216r:216v, 218r, 220r:220v, 222r:223v, 227v, 229r:232r, 233v:234r, 240v, 242r:244r, 246r:246v, 250r:251r, 252r:255r, 265r:268v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence