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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [47r] (98/541)
The record is made up of 1 volume (267 folios). It was created in 1940s-1955. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Printed Collections.
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
79
PART VIII
REVIVAL OF THE SA UDI DYNASTY AFTER 1900, AND THE SUBSEQUENT
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISPUTE
L . In V 90 !’ the ? a ‘5 di ’Amir recaptured Riyadh from Ibn Rashid, recovered
possession of the neighbouring districts of al-Kharj and Hariq, aAd notified
the Sultan of Turkey that he would rule these districts as his loyal subjects.
In 1905 his son Ibn Sa ud (Abdul Aziz), visited Qatar, and from there sent letters
to the Trucial Shaikhs announcing that he hoped to visit Trucial ‘Oman the
following year. This alarmed the Rulers of Dubai and Abu Dhabi and the Sultan
of Muscat and ‘Oman, who interpreted the letters as a resurrection of Wahhabi
designs on the
Trucial States
A name used by Britain from the nineteenth century to 1971 to refer to the present-day United Arab Emirates.
and ‘Oman. The British
Political Resident
A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
, while on
a journey through Abu Dhabi to Buraimi, learned of this development; and the
British Government decided to ask Shaikh Mubarak of Kuwait to make repre
sentations to Ibn Sa‘Qd against any such move. Shaikh Mubarak replied that he
had threatened Ibn Sa‘ud with the withdrawal of his support if he made such a
move, expressing the belief that the latter was merely attempting to levy blackmail.
However, he wrote again to Ibn Sa‘ud, and informed the British Government that
Ibn Sa‘ud had answered disclaiming that he had had any evil intentions in writing
to the Trucial Shaikhs' 1 ’. The actual answer of Ibn Sa‘ud to Shaikh Mubarak
ran as follows' 2) :—
“ Your Excellency knows from beforehand that the people of Oman have
been our correspondents from the day that we were in Kuwait, and it is true
that we have sent to them letters and correspondence; but by God it was not
intentional [i.e. written with any ulterior motive] and we did not mention in
it any matters in which we saw any harm, but there may have been something
which we were not careful over. God forbid that there should be harm in it
By the end of 1912, Ibn Sa‘ud had consolidated his position as Ruler of Najd;
but, at that date, his dominions were still strictly confined to central Arabia. To
the east, Hasa’ was under Turkish rule; to the north Jabal Shammar was ruled by
Ibn Rashid under Turkish suzerainty, to the west the Hyaz was ruled by Sharif
Husain (later King Husain), also under Turkish suzerainty; to the south, the vast
desert of the Rub‘ al-Khali provided a natural frontier. At no point, as Philby
emphasizes' 3 ’, did the Wahhabi realm, at that date, touch the sea. In May, 1913,
however, Ibn Sa‘ud, despite his acknowledgement of Turkish suzerainty in 1902,
attacked the Turkish garrisons in Hasa’, and, having ejected them, took possession
of the whole of that coastal province.
2. Meanwhile, the Turks had, for some time past, been negotiating with
Great Britain an important Convention, covering the respective interests of the
two countries in the
Persian Gulf
The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran.
and in neighbouring territories, which was
completed and signed on July 29, 1913' 4 ’. Article 11 defined the south-eastern
boundary of the Ottoman Sanjak of Najd, which included both Hasa’ and Najd,
and reads as follows:—
“ II.— El Katr
“Article 11.
“ Le sandjak ottoman de Nedjd, dont la limite septentrionale est
indiquee par la ligne de demarcation definie a Particle 7 de cette convention,
se termine vers le sud au golfe l5] faisant face a File de Zahnounie, qui appartient
audit sandjak. Une ligne partant du fond extreme dudit golfe ira directement
au sud jusqu'au Ruba'-al-Khali et separera le Nedjd de la presquile d'El-Katr.
Les limites du Nedjd sont indiquees par une ligne bleue sur la carte annexee a la
presente convention {annexe Fa)' 6 ’. Le Gouvernement Imperial ottoman ayant
renonce a toutes ses reclamations concernant le presqu‘ile d’El-Katr, il est
entendu entre les deux Gouvernements que ladite presqu’ile sera, comme
par le passe, sera gouvernee par le cheikh Djassim-bin-Sani et par ses succes-
seurs. Le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste britannique declare qu’il ne permettra
111 Lorimer, op. cit., i. 746-7.
(2) See Annex D, No. 1.
(3) S^udi Arabia (London, 1955), p. 265.
(4) See Annex A, No. 6.
L5] TheGulf of‘Ujair (?).
,6 ’ The italics have been added.
About this item
- Content
This volume relates to the arbitration concerning Buraimi [Al Buraymī] and the common frontier between Abu Dhabi and Sa'ūdi Arabia. The main body of text is a publication, which is introduced as being a '[M]emorial submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. The memorial, which was submitted to the arbitration tribunal, begins with an introduction and a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, concluded at Jedda [Jeddah] on 30 July 1954 and titled as follows: 'Arbitration Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom (Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness Sultan Said bin Taimur) and the Government of Saudi Arabia' (ff 8-10). The memorial itself is divided into two halves: vol I and vol II. Vol I (ff 10-83) provides an overview of the dispute, which is structured as follows:
- 'Part I: The Nature of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal' (ff 10-14)
- 'Part II: Topographical Description of the Two Areas in Dispute' (ff 14-17)
- 'Part III: Historical Bases of the Claims of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi and the Sultan of Muscat to the Areas in Dispute' (ff 18-30)
- 'Part IV: The Economy of the Disputed Areas' (ff 30-32)
- 'Part V: The Tribes' (ff 33-39)
- 'Part VI: The Exercise of Jurisdiction' (ff 40-44)
- 'Part VII: Sa'ūdi Pretensions to an Ancestral Claim to Territories in Eastern Arabia' (ff 44-46)
- 'Part VIII: Revival of the Sa'ūdi Dynasty After 1900, and the Subsequent Development of the Dispute' (ff 47-62)
- 'Part IX: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Burden of Proof…' (ff 62-64)
- 'Part X: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Factors Mentioned in Article IV of the Arbitration Agreement' (ff 65-83)
- 'Part XI: Final Submissions of the Government of the United Kingdom Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness the Sultān Sa‘īd bin Taymūr' (f 83v).
Vol II of the memorial (ff 84-254) is formed of thirteen annexes, which include the following: copies of texts of relevant treaties and engagements; copies of British documents relating to the history of Abu Dhabi and of the Buraimi Zone; copies of correspondence and documents relating to the development of the dispute; information about Līwa and the Buraimi Oasis; evidence concerning the exercise of jurisdiction by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi over the coast of the disputed area and the adjacent islands; notes on various tribes based in the disputed area; genealogical tables of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Muscat and 'Omān, and Najd.
The volume concludes with a series of maps (some of which are photocopies and are reduced in size), relating to the disputed area (ff 256-264). It should be noted that Map B is not present. However, included with the other maps is a gazetteer of place names (ff 265-268), in which each place name is given map co-ordinates, presumably referring to positions on the missing Map B. Written in pencil on the first page is the following note: 'Evaluates Map B'.
In addition, a small sketch map of Arabia appears at the beginning of the volume (f 4).
The Arabic material consists of some text in a couple of the maps found at the rear of the volume.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (267 folios)
- Arrangement
The main body of text is formed of two halves. The first half (vol I) consists of nine parts, most of which are divided into sections. The second half (vol II) is composed of thirteen annexes. Both halves are preceded by a table of contents.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, which is contained within a pouch attached to the inside back cover, with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [47r] (98/541), British Library: Printed Collections, B.S. 14/371, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100122625233.0x000063> [accessed 5 July 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- B.S. 14/371
- Title
- 'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps]
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4r, 5r:7v, 10v:25v, 27r:28v, 30v:45v, 47r:57r, 58v:87v, 100r:107r, 109r:127r, 128r, 130r:141v, 142v:143v, 144v:145v, 155r:155v, 157r:157v, 158v, 160r:161r, 162r:165v, 168r:169v, 170v:171r, 173v, 175r:176r, 178r:178v, 181r:181v, 183r:183v, 185r:188v, 190r:201v, 203r:206v, 207v:208r, 209r:210r, 212v:213r, 216r:216v, 218r, 220r:220v, 222r:223v, 227v, 229r:232r, 233v:234r, 240v, 242r:244r, 246r:246v, 250r:251r, 252r:255r, 265r:268v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence