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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [33r] (70/541)
The record is made up of 1 volume (267 folios). It was created in 1940s-1955. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Printed Collections.
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
51
PART V
THE TRIBES
This Part relates to Articles IV (/ , ) and IV (c) of the Arbitration Agreement, by
which the Tribunal is required to take into account the traditional loyalties of the
Inhabitants of the Areas, and the Organization of the Tribes inhabiting the Areas.
1. The most numerous and ubiquitous tribe of the disputed area, as well as
the most powerful, is the Bani Yas. They are found throughout the disputed area,
in undisputed Abu Dhabi territory, and in certain of the other Shaikhdoms of
Trucial ‘Oman. Their main centres of settlement are the islands of the Abu Dhabi
archipelago, Abu Dhabi and Dubai towns, and the oases of Liwa and Buraimi.
Intermingled with them are the Manasir, a predominantly Badawln, and much less
numerous, tribe. The other principal tribes of the disputed area are:—
(i) A Badawin section of the Awamir frequenting, in the main, the Ramlat
al-Hamra’, Batin and Kidan;
(ii) The Dhuwahir, a settled tribe, who predominate in 5 of the 9 villages
of the Buraimi Oasis;
(iii) The Na‘im (including the A1 bu Shamis), a semi-settled tribe who pre
dominate in 3 villages of the Buraimi Oasis, and along the strip of gravel
between the Hajar mountains and the Rub‘ al-Khali, including the
town of Dhank.
Every tribe has its sections, sub-sections, and lesser divisions ; and it is sometimes
difficult to state with precision whether or not certain people constitute a separate
tribe or section.
2. In addition to the tribes referred to in the preceding paragraph, which
are considered in detail in the following Sections, members of the following tribes
are to be encountered in the area:—
(a) Ahbdb. A Badawin tribe of Najdi origin, of whom 50-60 families have,
for over half a century, made their home in the neighbourhood of the
Buraimi Oasis and on the foothills of the Jabal Hafit to the south.
Those in the Buraimi zone owe allegiance to the Rulers of Abu Dhabi 11) .
(b) Rawashid, a small tribe numbering, in all, about 250 men, and originating,
like the Manahil, in the Hadhramaut. They are the most widely
ranging of the desert tribes, and one of the few whose members dare to
cross Rub‘ al-Khali by camel. They are to be found in all the terri
tories surrounding the Rub‘ al-Khali. Some live in Dhafir where they
acknowledge allegiance to the Sultan of Muscat (2) . Others have
settled in the Buraimi Oasis, where they have attached themselves to
Shaikh Zaid bin Sultan <3) . They should not, however, be confused
with the section of the Bani Yas of the same name.
(c) Al-Murrah described by Lorimer (4> as “ the wildest, most dangerous and
least civilised of the nomad tribes in this part of Arabia ”, are Badawin
who roam the Jafurah desert, and who—depending upon the incidence
of the rainfall—sometimes visit Qatar or the disputed area, in search
of grazing. A few also visit Liwa for the date-harvest ; and one ot
them has acquired, by marriage settlement, three small lots of palms
near Dhafir, at Hamarur, and at Tharwanlyah. To-day, they would
probably class themselves as a Sa‘udi tribe, although their history
is one of constant feuds with their neighbours, and of fierce opposition
to authority. In 1908, they were not feudatories of the Sa ud.
(1) See Annex F, No. 10.
(2) See ibid.. No. 11.
<3) See ibid.
(4) Op. cit., ii. 1239.
About this item
- Content
This volume relates to the arbitration concerning Buraimi [Al Buraymī] and the common frontier between Abu Dhabi and Sa'ūdi Arabia. The main body of text is a publication, which is introduced as being a '[M]emorial submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. The memorial, which was submitted to the arbitration tribunal, begins with an introduction and a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, concluded at Jedda [Jeddah] on 30 July 1954 and titled as follows: 'Arbitration Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom (Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness Sultan Said bin Taimur) and the Government of Saudi Arabia' (ff 8-10). The memorial itself is divided into two halves: vol I and vol II. Vol I (ff 10-83) provides an overview of the dispute, which is structured as follows:
- 'Part I: The Nature of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal' (ff 10-14)
- 'Part II: Topographical Description of the Two Areas in Dispute' (ff 14-17)
- 'Part III: Historical Bases of the Claims of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi and the Sultan of Muscat to the Areas in Dispute' (ff 18-30)
- 'Part IV: The Economy of the Disputed Areas' (ff 30-32)
- 'Part V: The Tribes' (ff 33-39)
- 'Part VI: The Exercise of Jurisdiction' (ff 40-44)
- 'Part VII: Sa'ūdi Pretensions to an Ancestral Claim to Territories in Eastern Arabia' (ff 44-46)
- 'Part VIII: Revival of the Sa'ūdi Dynasty After 1900, and the Subsequent Development of the Dispute' (ff 47-62)
- 'Part IX: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Burden of Proof…' (ff 62-64)
- 'Part X: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Factors Mentioned in Article IV of the Arbitration Agreement' (ff 65-83)
- 'Part XI: Final Submissions of the Government of the United Kingdom Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness the Sultān Sa‘īd bin Taymūr' (f 83v).
Vol II of the memorial (ff 84-254) is formed of thirteen annexes, which include the following: copies of texts of relevant treaties and engagements; copies of British documents relating to the history of Abu Dhabi and of the Buraimi Zone; copies of correspondence and documents relating to the development of the dispute; information about Līwa and the Buraimi Oasis; evidence concerning the exercise of jurisdiction by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi over the coast of the disputed area and the adjacent islands; notes on various tribes based in the disputed area; genealogical tables of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Muscat and 'Omān, and Najd.
The volume concludes with a series of maps (some of which are photocopies and are reduced in size), relating to the disputed area (ff 256-264). It should be noted that Map B is not present. However, included with the other maps is a gazetteer of place names (ff 265-268), in which each place name is given map co-ordinates, presumably referring to positions on the missing Map B. Written in pencil on the first page is the following note: 'Evaluates Map B'.
In addition, a small sketch map of Arabia appears at the beginning of the volume (f 4).
The Arabic material consists of some text in a couple of the maps found at the rear of the volume.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (267 folios)
- Arrangement
The main body of text is formed of two halves. The first half (vol I) consists of nine parts, most of which are divided into sections. The second half (vol II) is composed of thirteen annexes. Both halves are preceded by a table of contents.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, which is contained within a pouch attached to the inside back cover, with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- B.S. 14/371
- Title
- 'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps]
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:4r, 5r:7v, 10v:25v, 27r:28v, 30v:45v, 47r:57r, 58v:87v, 100r:107r, 109r:127r, 128r, 130r:141v, 142v:143v, 144v:145v, 155r:155v, 157r:157v, 158v, 160r:161r, 162r:165v, 168r:169v, 170v:171r, 173v, 175r:176r, 178r:178v, 181r:181v, 183r:183v, 185r:188v, 190r:201v, 203r:206v, 207v:208r, 209r:210r, 212v:213r, 216r:216v, 218r, 220r:220v, 222r:223v, 227v, 229r:232r, 233v:234r, 240v, 242r:244r, 246r:246v, 250r:251r, 252r:255r, 265r:268v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence