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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [30r] (64/541)
The record is made up of 1 volume (267 folios). It was created in 1940s-1955. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: Printed Collections.
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
45
[Postscript] “ We would inform you that we have written to the Customs’
Officer regarding the [salary] to our messenger, Sultan bin al-Jazya. We have
written to Magan bin Khaushal, the
Banyan
Merchant of Indian extraction.
[Hindu merchant in Sohar, in
this connexion], if he has not left his place
64. The Sultan’s reply was to send vehicles and 60 men to reinforce Saqr
in Buraimi, and the reaction of the tribes of Oman was unmistakable. No fewer
than 8,000 tribesmen assembled at Sohar, preparatory to advancing on Hamasah;
while about 800 tribesmen assembled at Dariz. At the same time, the Shaikh of
Abu Dhabi sent a force which was significantly Manasir of the A1 bu Khail section
to Markhiyah. Meanwhile, the British Government was in negotiation with the
Sa‘udi Government for a peaceful settlement; and, at their request, the Sultan,
who, by then, had established his Headquarters at Sohar, reluctantly disbanded
his tribal forces.
65. The incursion of Turki into Hamasah cannot be justified by any legal
considerations whatsoever. It was carried out by force in the tradition of the
Wahhabi invasions of the early 19th century. Turki’s principal supporter, Rashid
bin Hamad bin Shamis, having reaffirmed his allegiance to the Sultan, only four
years previously, can only be described as a renegade and a traitor. The great
tribal rally at Sohar showed that popular feelings were enraged by the Sa’udi
action, and there can be little doubt that, had it not been for the intervention of the
British Government in favour of a peaceful settlement, the SaTldis would have been
evicted by force as the Wahhabis had been in 1869.
Principal Conclusions from the Historical Facts
66. The historical facts show that, in the area which is the subject of Article
II (a) of the Arbitration Agreement,
(i) The Rulers of Abu Dhabi have possessed the Dhafrah, including Liwa,
from time immemorial, and that they had a fort there as early as 1633;
(ii) The Rulers of Abu Dhabi have manifested a continuous display of
sovereignty along the whole coast, as far west as the Qatar peninsular
at any rate since 1820, when the General Treaty of Peace was signed.
In 1829 the Shaikh of Lingeh recognized their authority as extending
at least to the Khaur al-‘Udaid; while, in 1871, and again in 1906, the
fact that ‘Udaid formed part of the dominions of Abu Dhabi was
recognized by the British Government;
(iii) The Manasir tribe has, for at least the past 130 years, been dependent
upon Abu Dhabi.
The historical facts relating to the Buraimi zone show that:—
(i) The Zone originally formed part of the dominions of the Sultans of
Muscat and ‘Oman, although the Rulers of Abu Dhabi have had
recognized interests there, at any rate since 1824;
(ii) The Wahhabis established themselves in the Oasis by force, being twice
forcibly evicted by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, in 1848 and 1850, and finally
by the Sultan of Muscat in 1869;
(iii) From 1869 until 1952, when Turki bin ‘Ataishan invaded the Oasis with
armed men, the Sultan of Muscat and ‘Oman and the Ruler of Abu
Dhabi manifested a peaceful display of sovereignty throughout the
Oasis. Further evidence of this last period is contained in Part VI
of this Memorial {Exercise of Jurisdiction).
About this item
- Content
This volume relates to the arbitration concerning Buraimi [Al Buraymī] and the common frontier between Abu Dhabi and Sa'ūdi Arabia. The main body of text is a publication, which is introduced as being a '[M]emorial submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. The memorial, which was submitted to the arbitration tribunal, begins with an introduction and a copy of the Arbitration Agreement, concluded at Jedda [Jeddah] on 30 July 1954 and titled as follows: 'Arbitration Agreement Between the Government of the United Kingdom (Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness Sultan Said bin Taimur) and the Government of Saudi Arabia' (ff 8-10). The memorial itself is divided into two halves: vol I and vol II. Vol I (ff 10-83) provides an overview of the dispute, which is structured as follows:
- 'Part I: The Nature of the Dispute Submitted to the Tribunal' (ff 10-14)
- 'Part II: Topographical Description of the Two Areas in Dispute' (ff 14-17)
- 'Part III: Historical Bases of the Claims of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi and the Sultan of Muscat to the Areas in Dispute' (ff 18-30)
- 'Part IV: The Economy of the Disputed Areas' (ff 30-32)
- 'Part V: The Tribes' (ff 33-39)
- 'Part VI: The Exercise of Jurisdiction' (ff 40-44)
- 'Part VII: Sa'ūdi Pretensions to an Ancestral Claim to Territories in Eastern Arabia' (ff 44-46)
- 'Part VIII: Revival of the Sa'ūdi Dynasty After 1900, and the Subsequent Development of the Dispute' (ff 47-62)
- 'Part IX: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Burden of Proof…' (ff 62-64)
- 'Part X: The Contentions of the Government of the United Kingdom in Regard to the Factors Mentioned in Article IV of the Arbitration Agreement' (ff 65-83)
- 'Part XI: Final Submissions of the Government of the United Kingdom Acting on Behalf of the Ruler of Abu Dhabi and His Highness the Sultān Sa‘īd bin Taymūr' (f 83v).
Vol II of the memorial (ff 84-254) is formed of thirteen annexes, which include the following: copies of texts of relevant treaties and engagements; copies of British documents relating to the history of Abu Dhabi and of the Buraimi Zone; copies of correspondence and documents relating to the development of the dispute; information about Līwa and the Buraimi Oasis; evidence concerning the exercise of jurisdiction by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi over the coast of the disputed area and the adjacent islands; notes on various tribes based in the disputed area; genealogical tables of the Rulers of Abu Dhabi, Muscat and 'Omān, and Najd.
The volume concludes with a series of maps (some of which are photocopies and are reduced in size), relating to the disputed area (ff 256-264). It should be noted that Map B is not present. However, included with the other maps is a gazetteer of place names (ff 265-268), in which each place name is given map co-ordinates, presumably referring to positions on the missing Map B. Written in pencil on the first page is the following note: 'Evaluates Map B'.
In addition, a small sketch map of Arabia appears at the beginning of the volume (f 4).
The Arabic material consists of some text in a couple of the maps found at the rear of the volume.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (267 folios)
- Arrangement
The main body of text is formed of two halves. The first half (vol I) consists of nine parts, most of which are divided into sections. The second half (vol II) is composed of thirteen annexes. Both halves are preceded by a table of contents.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the last folio, which is contained within a pouch attached to the inside back cover, with 268; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps] [30r] (64/541), British Library: Printed Collections, B.S. 14/371, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100122625233.0x000041> [accessed 5 July 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- B.S. 14/371
- Title
- 'ARBITRATION CONCERNING BURAIMI AND THE COMMON FRONTIER BETWEEN ABU DHABI AND SA'ŪDI ARABIA' [With maps]
- Pages
- 29v:30r
- Author
- Al Nu'aimi, Shaikh Saqr bin Sultan Al Hamud Al Qurtasi
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