'A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English; with a Dissertation on the Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations' [‎900v] (1807/1826)

A hayuni. Astonished, wandering 1 about as a madman
from love or any other cause.
p Jwyun, A camel of burden, especially one that carries
the hazcdaj. Any large animal. A horse.
htzcand, Purity, chastity, continence. (Burhan.)
a hayh, One who retires or is driven away on account of
the dirtiness of his garments. <Ui) <LJi> hlh hih^ Away ! away!
begone! Well done ! bravo! encore!
a hay hat) An extensive desert. hay hat
hayhdt (or hayhuh hayhdh), Begone ! away.
A hayhdn hay hah, hay that, huyi-
han f tahayihat), varied in fifty-seven different ways, the
same as hayhdt.
A hayhdh. The devil.
p hay hay, A large goblet filled with wine which is
drunk off at the end of a repast.
a hay-i or ht-i, Used in calling one to eat or drink; call
ing camels to water. Apparatus, preparation. L; yd, hay-a
or yd ht-a, (an interjection of grief), Ah ! alas! (also of wonder),
Strange! wonderful! //ayj/7, Of a respectable appearance.
p hayi or hiyi, Essence, existence.
aU~ ^ al huyaymd, Name of a tribe, a well, and a battle.
-A hayiy, (A man) of a respectable appearance.
LS
yd or ye, called yd-i hutt~i or
yd-i musanndt-i tahtdni, the twenty-eighth and last letter of the
Arabic alphabet, and the thirty-second and last of the Persian.
In arithmetic it expresses ten ; in the almanacks it is the charac
ter for Jupiter and the sign Aguarius. Like \ alif and j tears,
this letter is also one of the ^ huruf-i ^illut, or weak
letters, being, like the English y, sometimes a consonant and
sometimes a vowel. In the former case it has the sound of 3 / in
youth. As a vowel it serves with the mark kasr to form
the long vowels i,e, and with Astefathah the diphthong ay. The
first is called ^ 1 ) yd-i mau'uf, the second
yd-i rnajhul, and the third JJ U yd-i sdkin
md kahl maftuh. It is considered homogeneous with^^ kasr,
and a quiescent ^ yd never follows the vowel zammah.
It is changed in Arabic, (1) into hamza, as jJb bd-i^ for
^b bdiyi^, A seller; (2) into ^ alif, as ^b bdai for ^ baya^a,
lie sold; (3) intoj rears, as tuba' for tiba'; Agree
able; (4) into Cl? td, as^ itlasura, yattasiru, for - ^
ttasara, yaylasiru, He played, or he may play with dice;
(5) into ^jim, as fukaymaj for fukayml, One of
the tribe of ^ssfukaym. In Persian it is sometimes substituted
for ' alif, as yannaghdn for armaghdn, A present;
and for * he, as shdyagdn for jjlx&bii shdhagdn, Like a
a king. When the substantive verb am or its inflexions are
combined with the words kih, As- chih, or Aj nah, the X he is
often rejected, and the \ alif changed into yd, making
kist, chist, nlst, ^ kiyam, nayam, for
^ kih ast, Who is it? A^- chih ast, What is it?
Aj nah ast, It is not; ^ A& kih am, Who am I ? ^ 4) nah
am, lam not.
It follows the first of two nouns (to denote that the second is in
the genitive case) if ending in \ alif or j wars, asbi^o miwahd,
Fruits ; mtwuhd-i shirln, Sweet fruits.
The uses of the ma^ruf are : 1. (^u*J nisbati) To ex
press relation or connexion, as hinds, Belonging to India;
fdirst, Belonging to Persia. In Arabic the yd which
forms the relative adjective requires the character tashdtd (-) or
sign of reduplication, as \ Earthy, from ^jsJ\ r/rs,Earth;
misriy, Egyptian, from misr, Egypt.
2. (^iLd- khitdbi), The affixed pronoun of the second per-
sensing., as^jbg?</]^,Thouspakest; ta6'w7,Thou art wise.
This after if is written as, hamza, asif>X<| dmada-i, Thou hast come.
3. (jXs^c ljV' yd-i masdar), Forming the verbal or abstract
noun : jj zar-bukhshi, The act of bestowing gold ;
neki, Goodness; badl. Badness.
4. (uuJU liydkat), Expressing fitness : as kushtani,
Deserving of being killed ; sdkhtam, Fit to be burned.
5. b mutakallim or alkdbt), Expressing in Ara
bic the pronoun of the first person singular, as rabbi, My lord.
6. (ij-^b fddl), Affixed to nouns, shewing an actor or agent: as
jangi, A warrior; hikmati, A man of science.
7. ((JjXft^o mafdul), Also affixed to nouns, expressing the ob
ject of some act; as sanadi, Established by authority;
la^nati, Cursed; ^ks^L;J dast-khatti, Signed.
8. (4ill-<! mushdbih), Expressing similitude, or assumption of
a character; as in these lines of Nazainl:
-J* 1 ^ > r ,
Zdgh bafarr-i td humd-i kunad;
Sar kih rasad pesh-i td pd-i kunad.
“The crow, from thy magnificence, imitates the humd; the
head that approaches thee acts the part of a foot.”
Of ydi-e majhul, the uses are : 1. (C^JJo-j b jSsj tankir or
zsahdat), Expressing unity or the indefinite article a, as
marde, A man, one man. This is sometimes applied to express
excess; as in this expression of Hafiz, dshk
dfate ast, Love is one (i.e. a very great) mischief. Sometimes,
on the other hand, it signifies diminution or contempt, as
^b 4^
Hast khake kih ba abe nakharad lufdnrd.