'A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English; with a Dissertation on the Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations' [45v] (95/1826)
The record is made up of 1 volume (908 folios). It was created in 1829. It was written in English, Arabic and Persian. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
Ixxiv
PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
to that which he proposes— Semon, he says (p. 38), signifies
ccclestis sol; but it appears to be simply the Arabic U>«*j sarna,
or the Persian saman or ^ L-T asmati) Heaven, without
any particular reference to the sun. Dior dio, a deity (p. 38),
appears to have some analogy to the Persian pronounced
dio i diu, dtV) or dizo^ which \m\)\\e§ superzuttural being, a de
mon, a genie, &c.—Kur (p. 39) appears to be the Persian jd*.
orjy>- kh'ur, the sun.— Cohen or Kahen, he says (p. 40), ap
pear to have been pronounced Cuhen and Chan, to have signified
a priest, and also lord or prince. — kohn, kohan or kohun,
in Persian, and kdhin Arab. (pi. kahanat or kahanah,
and kuhhdn) signify a priest, soothsayer, augur, &c. But
the word which denotes a prince is from a different root, being
written khan, the name by which emperors of Tartary and
other Eastern princes have been generally known. As for Ko-
nuh, the title of Moses, it differs from both, being the Hebrew
— Bel, Bui, Baal (p. 45) ; bu^l in Arabic signifies a
lord, a master, &c. which appears to be the true meaning of
this Babylonish idol’s name ; and no proof is brought of its being
in any shape the particular representative of the sun.— Karan
or karn (p. 46) signifies, in Arabic, a horn; karan denotes
nho junction in general; and ^ ji kirdn, a happy conjunction
of the planets : it is also an epithet synonymous to Felix or
Augustus : hence suhib-kirdn has been a royal
title adopted by many Oriental princes, especially by Tamerlane
and by Shah Jahdn the Great Mogul (see Diet. p. 840).—
Zu'lKarnayn was also a title given to the two Alex
anders, or Kay Kubad and Alexander the Great (see Diet.
Sikandar). Craneus or Carneus, which Mr. Bryant
mentions as titles of the sun, may possibly be merely the Greek
termination added to kardn or girdn, kardnah or gi-
rdnah, which, in Persian, mean great, grand, exalted, excel
lent ; epithets naturally applicable by the Persians to that splen
did body, which was so long the chief ostensible object of their
worship— Oph, a serpent (p. 49), may perhaps be analogous to
the Arabic af^a or ufadi, A viper ; whilst dzob signi- |
fies, in Persian, « large serpent, or the Python ; and abadir,
which he interprets the serpent deity, may possibly be the Per
sian jJl 4_>.T azeb ddar, signifying a fiery serpent Ain, a foun
tain (p. 51), is the Arabic uiyn. —Under this article a note
occurs (p. 56) relative to Damascus, which is a further proof
how much a resemblance of sounds may mislead where there is
no radical knowledge. He says, Damasec is the city of the
prince; but whilst it is impossible to make a city of Dam or Ad-
ham, shaykh, A prince, &c. is a root widely differing from
the terminating syllable of Damshak, the common way
of writing Damascus (see Diet.)— Phi or fi (p. 89), J /J, i n
Arabic, signifies the mouth; it is the genitive of jsfd 0 r **9 I
phuh ; but it is also used in the nominative; whence jgphi-
z.aini or phi-^ainin may imply, the mouth of a fountain. I
should much doubt, however, if Pharaoh can have any relation
to this particle, Phir^awn, in Arabic, signifies a croco
dile ; and the people of Egypt are called by them
Phir^azcn-Kawmt, The people of the crocodile. It signifies
also, metaphorically, a tyrant; but whether this meaning took
its origin from the voraciousness of the animal, or the animal
was so named from the brutality of the prince, it may be difficult
to determine. Some learned men, it may be observed, however,
have doubted whether this word was ever adopted by the Egyp
tian kings, or applied by their subjects; considering it merely
as a name of contempt, bestowed on them by neighbouring na
tions. Phiale seems to be the Persian piydluh (it being
common with the Arabians and other nations to change the Per
sian p mioph, as phdrs for ^rj^pars, Persia; phil
for i^^pil, An elephant, &c. Piydlah signifies a phial, a cup,
and also a large vessel; and hence may imply any subterraneous
bason into which a river might discharge itself.— At, and aia (p.
90), may perhaps be the Arabic ay a and azxa, which
denotes a mansion, dzoelling, place of rest, settlement, or resi
dence ; and, in that sense, may apply to the combination of
Aigupt, the dwelling of the Copts or Egyptians. With regard
to Athenai, Thebai, &c. I should hardly suppose that these had
any connexion with the East, being mere Greek inflections. In
which light I should likewise view Roma, Etna (which he in
terprets the country of Rom, of Etn, &c.), as I think it rather
refining too much upon derivation to search for occult Asiatic
meanings from mere Grecian and Roman terminations; which
are so perfectly consonant to the texture of the Greek and Latin
tongues. As to India, which upon this etymology he would
translate the country of Ind, it certainly was never known in
that quarter of the world, the original word being JcJb hind, an
Indian, or the Indian nation; cjXJs hindi, orhindu, Indian,
belonging to India, &c. Hindustan or
Hindustan, the country of the Indians.— Macar, which (p. 67)
he says is a sacred Amonian title, and gives names in consequence
to many places, appears to be simply the Arabic jSl< makarr,
which denotes a place of residence, a habitation, &c. Makarrun
is the same word, either in the plural, or pronounced w'ith the
nunnation. (In reading the Kur’an and other books in the so
lemn style, un is often the termination of the nominative case,
in of the genitive or dative, and an of the accusative; which, in
common reading or conversation, is generally dropt: this is what
Arabic grammarians call nunnation. (See Arab. Gramm, p.
•j3, &c.) I he ancient Gedrosia is now named Mocran.— Me
lt ch (p. 70) is Hebrew and Arabic for a king, and also an
angel; as "l^D and malak or i ~ ^ 3 malak ; and <l£Lo
malakah or malakat, a queen.—Anak (p. 72) seems to be ana
logous to the Arabic ^unuk (pi. a^ndk), which
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The volume is A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English; with a Dissertation on the Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations , by John Richardson, of the Middle Temple and Wadham College, Oxford. Revised and improved by Charles Wilkins. This new edition has been enlarged by Francis Johnson. The volume was printed by J. L. Cox, London, 1829.
The volume begins with a preface (folios 7-8), followed by the dissertation (folios 9-40), proofs and illustrations (folios 41-49), and an advertisement on pronunciation and verb forms (folios 50-51). The dictionary is Arabic and Persian to English, arranged alphabetically according to the Arabic and Persian alphabets. At the back of the volume are corrections and additions (folio 908).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (908 folios)
- Arrangement
The dictionary is arranged alphabetically, according to the Arabic and Persian alphabets.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence for this description commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 910; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the volume also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
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- English, Arabic and Persian in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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- Reference
- IOR/R/15/5/397
- Title
- 'A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English; with a Dissertation on the Languages, Literature, and Manners of Eastern Nations'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:845v, 845ar:845av, 846r:909v, back-i
- Author
- Richardson, Sir John, 9th Baronet
- Usage terms
- Public Domain