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File 1707/1924 ‘Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)’ [389r] (782/898)
The record is made up of 1 volume (445 folios). It was created in 13 Mar 1924-18 Mar 1931. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
[This Document is the Pr operty of His Britannic Majesty’s Government. 1
EASTERN (Arabia).
[January 21, 1925. J
CONFIDENTIAL.
Section 1.
[E 351/10/91]
No. 1.
Consul Bullard to Mr. Austen Chamberlain.—[Received January 21, 1925.)
(No. 119.)
Sir
r xt a att? i.! i , -t Jeddah, December 30, 1924.
1 JdAVii, the honour tn enolnQT> q ro.nrxr'f • .i ■ ^
Singapore, Bushire, Koweit, Bahrein and Muscat.
I have, &c.
R. W. BULLARD.
Enclosure in No. 1.
Report for the Period December 12-30, 1924.
(Secret.)
A LONG report is not required, as there is hope of peace between Nejd and the
Hedjaz, in spite of Ibn Saud s apparent intransigence and of the warfare of words
and propaganda which is being conducted between Mecca and Jeddah. Ibn Saud
has started a newspaper at Mecca, the £ ‘Umm-al-Kura ” [i.e., “Mother of
Villages ' —a name given to Mecca in the Koran). It is printed at the “ Kiblah ”
press, but it differs from the “ Kiblah in that, not being written or corrected by;
King Hussein, it is intelligible. Some extracts from the first two numbers are
given as an appendix to this report. Ibn Saud suppressed the first edition of No. 2,
but a copy of it came into my hands and the passages which were omitted from the
second printing will be found in the appendix. They show that Ibn Saud is more
reasonable than some of the people with him. Nevertheless, the account, given in
the first number, of the alleged agreement between the ulama of Nejd and. Mecca
as to the main articles of faith suggests to what extent Ibn Saud is compelled to
countenance the puritanical views of his followers. It is incredible that the ulama
of Mecca would ever approve of tenets which are repugnant to most of the pilgrims
by whom they live. Taking oath by Mahomet, praying in the name of Mahomet or
of a saint, and saying prayers and burning candles at tombs are common practices
which it would be impossible to suppress without stirring up fierce opposition.
There can be little doubt now that several tombs, e.g., those of Khadijah, Mahomet’s j
first wife, and of his mother, Aminah, have been demolished. The Wahabis have?
also demolished a house which is said to be the Prophet’s, and is, in any case, very
ancient.
Jeddah now publishes twice a week a small newspaper called “ Burid-al-
Hijaz,” i.e., the “ Hedjaz Post.” It lays stress on the Wahabis’ intolerance and
their barbarity towards the people of Taif, and on the almost complete failure of
Ibn Sand’s appeal to the Moslem world, the only delegates appointed to attend the
proposed conference at Mecca being two Indians chosen by the Caliphate Committee.
On the 18th December it published a long proclamation to the people of Mecca, in
which King Ali announced that he was about to march out to recapture Mecca, and
urged them to stand firm and to endure a little while longer the sufferings which
the necessity to blockade Ibn Saud compelled the Hedjaz Government to inflict on
them. The “ Burid-al-Hijaz ” has also published what is probably a false report
of a revolt against Ibn Saud at Hail. The news came from Abdullah, but the
Hedjaz Government claim to have received independent confirmation from Medina.
The latest number, which appeared while this report was being written, strikes a
more peaceful note : the Arabs of Nejd and of the Hedjaz are brothers, their real
interests are identical, and so on.
2. After an interval, so long that the Hedjaz Government had almost given
up hope of a reply, the three would-be peacemakers in Jeddah received, on the
22nd December, further letters from Ibn Saud. Sayyid Talib
Pasha
An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders.
was told not
[836 x—1]
About this item
- Content
The volume mostly contains printed copies of despatches from HM Agent and Consul, Jeddah, to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, enclosing reports on the situation in the Hejaz (also spelled Hedjaz in the file) [now a region of Saudi Arabia], from January 1924 to December 1930, and related enclosures to the reports. These despatches were sent to the Under-Secretary of State for India by the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The volume also includes India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Political and Secret Department minute papers, which include comments on the reports, and indicate that the reports had been seen by the Under-Secretary of State for India and the Political Committee of the Council of India.
The reports are monthly for January to August 1924, May 1925, September 1925 to March 1927, June 1927 to June 1930, and December 1930. Reports between these dates cover shorter periods, except July and August 1930, which are both covered by one report, and September, October and November 1930, which are also covered by one report.
The reports discuss matters including the actions of King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi of the Hejaz, including his attempts to gain recognition as Caliph, and the military and financial situation in the Hejaz during the war between the Hejaz and the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd [Najd]. They report on events of the Hedjaz-Nejd war including: the capture of Taif (September 1924) and Mecca (October 1924) by Nejd; the departure of the ex-King Hussein from Jeddah; the fall of Medina and Jeddah and the surrender of the Hejaz to Sultan Abdul Aziz of Nejd [‘Abd al-‘Azīz bin ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Fayṣal Āl Sa‘ūd, also known as Ibn Saud] (December 1925); and the formal assumption of the title of King of the Hejaz and Sultan of Nejd and its Dependencies by Ibn Saud (8 January 1925).
The reports following the annexation of the Hejaz by Nejd cover internal affairs, including prohibitions introduced for religious reasons, the Hejaz Railway, the financial situation of the Hejaz-Nejd Government, and the Hejaz Air Force. They also report on foreign relations, including: the publication of an agreement, dated 21 October 1926, between Ibn Saud and Sayyid Hassan-el-Idrisi, establishing the suzerainty of Ibn Saud over Asir; relations between Ibn Saud and Imam Yahya of the Yemen; the situation on the frontiers between Nejd and Iraq, and Nejd and Transjordan Used in three contexts: the geographical region to the east of the River Jordan (literally ‘across the River Jordan’); a British protectorate (1921-46); an independent political entity (1946-49) now known as Jordan ; and the Treaty of Jeddah between Hejaz-Nejd and Great Britain (20 May 1927). They also report Ibn Saud being proclaimed King of the Hejaz, Nejd and its Dependencies (4 April 1927).
In addition, other frequently occurring topics in the reports are: the Pilgrimage [Hajj], including the arrival of pilgrims in the Hejaz, from India, Java and elsewhere, arrangements for the pilgrimage, the welfare of pilgrims, and the repatriation of pilgrims; and the slave trade and slavery in the Hejaz, including the manumission and repatriation of slaves.
The volume includes a divider which gives the subject number, the year the subject file was opened, the subject heading, and a list of correspondence references by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (445 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.
The subject 1707 (Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)) consists of one volume only.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 447; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-444; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/10/1115
- Title
- File 1707/1924 ‘Arabia:- Jeddah Situation Reports. (1924-1930)’
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:88v, 90r:104v, 106r:108v, 110r:124v, 126r:128v, 129v:132v, 133v, 134v:137v, 139r:145r, 146r:161v, 162v:180v, 183r:205v, 206v:267r, 269r:271v, 273r:288v, 291r:308v, 309v, 310v, 311v, 312v, 313v, 314v, 315v, 316v, 317v:321r, 324r:335r, 337r:378v, 379v:381v, 383v:389v, 391r:393v, 395v:397v, 399r:400r, 402r:446v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence