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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [‎489r] (990/1062)

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The record is made up of 1 file in 3 parts (519 folios). It was created in 25 May 1934-23 Sep 1948. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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31
481
tlie Person ('o 7 “ & ° ver 1 Ilmellt of India so to inform
tne Persian Crovermnent. As, however, the Amin-us-Sult™
on being questioned disavowed all designs on Bahrein W
Ssn«z.'" » hm - »•** * i ” »
Warning to Turkey, 1888 .
■ t :> ' 1 n i ^ ' ilY ‘b 1883 the Turkish Government were
informed that any attempt to effect a landiiio “ n Bahrein
would be opposed by force, and that no clainTby the Porte
MnieT- P 10U 0Ver Bahrein CouId be admitted, y sinee He?
rulfr with wh?m P ent regal ' ded thS 8heikh aS an “dependent
ruler with whom they were in treaty relations.
Second Exclusive Agreement between Her Majesty’s
Government and Bahrein (1892).
. 11 1 4 * 0n ^ March 1892 the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency.
signed a second Exclusive Agreement with the Sheikh of
Bahrein on behalf of Her Majesty’s Government. The
r V T Q r of the Agreement (which was ratified on 12 th
imAVi : a 1 nd whlch was ex P r essed to be binding on the
oneiknHns heirs, and successors) were as follows
(1) “That I will on no account enter into any agreement Aitchison
or correspondence with any Power other than the ( 1933 )>
British Government. VaL XI,
“That without the assent of the British Government No - xiii > 238 -
will not consent to the residence within my
^ territory of the agent of any other Government.
That I will on no account cede, sell, mortgage or
otherwise give for occupation any part of my
territory, save to the British Government.”
( 2 )
(3)
Further Warning to Turkey, November 1892.
115. In November 1892 the Ottoman Government were Const. Desp.
warned (apropos of the position of Bahreinis at Basra) that No. 348 of
Bahiem was under British protection, and that no interference •^•11.1892.
with its natives by the Ottoman authorities could be
admitted. In the same year the Porte was informed, with
reference to a rumoured intention to land Turkish troops,
that such action would be opposed by Her Majesty’s ships.
Summary, 1880-92.
116. The Turkish claim was again pressed vigorously
during this period and was consistently rejected by Her
Majesty’s Government.
The Shah raised the question of the Persian claim in
1886, but did not press the matter.
In 1892 the Sheikh entered into his Second Exclusive
Agreement with Her Majesty’s Government.
XII.—1892-1913. From the Second Exclusive Agreement to the
Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913.
British repudiations of Turkish Claims, 1892-98.
117. In 1895 steps w^ere taken at Constantinople by Her
Majesty’s Government to check an attempted invasion of
Bahrein from Qatar, which seemed not improbably to have Lor. I, 935.
been inspired by the Turks, and later in the same year Her
Majesty’s Government twice reiterated to the Porte that
Bahrein was under British protection and that no inter
ference with it would be tolerated. The views of Her
Majesty’s Government on the status of the island were again
officially repeated at Constantinople on two occasions in
1896. In 1897 the Constantinople Board of Health
proposed to establish a sanitary post in Bahrein. The
proposal was abandoned on the objections of the British
delegate, who represented that Bahrein was an independent
principality under British protection.
118. In 1898 a Turkish request that a British Vice-
Consul alleged to have been appointed at Bahrein should

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Content

The file concerns the claim of the Government of Iran (generally referred to as the Government of Persia) to territorial sovereignty over Bahrein [Bahrain].

The papers include: the Iranian claim in the light of the Bahrain oil concession; representations by the Government of Iran to the League of Nations, and the involvement of League in the dispute; summary of diplomatic correspondence, 1927-29 (folios 506-511); India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 14 July 1934 - a historical summary of the political status of Bahrain, and Persian claims to sovereignty; the submission of the question by the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. to the Law Officers of the Crown, 1934 (folios 466-472), and the report of the Law Officers of the Crown (folios 400-403), stating their opinion that Persia had no rights of sovereignty or suzerainty over Bahrain; the view of the Foreign Office (subsequently adopted) that references in public pronouncements to the independence of Bahrain needed to be qualified by the statement that the ruler was 'in special treaty relations with His Majesty's Government' (folios 378-380); the status of Tamb and Abu Musa (folio 361); the imposition of Iranian import duty on aviation oil supplied to Bahrain (folios 315-316); the views of the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. on the dangers of submitting the question to international arbitration (folios 308-314); similarities to the dispute between the United States of America (USA) and the Netherlands over Palmas Island [Miangas or Palmas, Indonesia] (e.g. folios 306-307); the views of the Government of Saudi Arabia (folios 268-270); the issue of passports and visas; transcripts of articles in support of the Iranian position in the Iranian and Arabic language press; the effect of the Bahrain nationality and property laws; Italian propaganda in support of the Iranian claim (folio 243); comparison with the Falkland Islands (folio 210); the refusal of the Iranian postal authorities to accept mails from Bahrain (folio 186); the involvement of the United Nations Organisation; Foreign Office 'Memorandum on Bahrein', dated 13 January 1947, substantially based on the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. 'Historical Memorandum on Bahrein' of 1934 (folios 97-126); Soviet propaganda over Bahrain (folio 57); the presence in Tehran of a person claiming to represent the Bahrain National Party (folios 50-54); and correspondence dated 1948 concerning the size and position of the Persian community in Bahrain, including a letter on the subject from Charles Dalrymple Belgrave, Adviser to the Government of Bahrain (folios 25-37).

The file contains significant correspondence from the Foreign Office, HM Minister, Tehran (later the British Ambassador to Tehran), and the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .

The French language content of the file consists of approximately thirty folios of diplomatic correspondence and newspaper extracts.

The file also contains copies of earlier correspondence, dated 1927-31.

The file includes a divider, which gives a list of correspondence references contained in the file by year. This is placed at the back of the correspondence.

Extent and format
1 file in 3 parts (519 folios)
Arrangement

The papers are arranged in approximate chronological order from the rear to the front of the file.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: this file consists of three physical parts. The foliation sequence commences at the front cover of part one with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover of part three with 525; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 2-524; these numbers are printed, but are not circled.

Written in
English and French in Latin script
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Coll 30/90 'Persian claim to the island of Bahrain' [‎489r] (990/1062), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/3810, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100059426987.0x0000bf> [accessed 1 April 2025]

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