'Military report on Tehran and adjacent Provinces of North-West Persia (including the Caspian Littoral)' [‎176v] (357/610)

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The Khwajahvand are on bad terms with Sipah Sa'ar (see
Chapter IX, No. 31ct) on account of his land grabbing pro
pensities, and when he turned “ Revolutionary ” leader, in 1909,
they were “ Royalist,” and a party of Khwajahvand sowars
were in Tehran in the Shah’s camp until the capture of the city.
Their ‘ sowars ’ were consequently disbanded and the “ Mallat”
paid by them for their land to the “Gil,” the original proprietors,
was hnoreased. In 1911 some of them joined Muhammad AH
Shah at Astarabad. From 1916 to 1919 the Pul and Kujur
sections joined Salar Fatih Kujuri, Mirza All Khan (see Chapter
IX, No. 61) and accompanied him on his forays' into Tunakabun
and looted Sipah Salar’s properties at Khurramabad and else
where. The Kalardasht section was divided and changed sides,
and in revenge the Kujuris did some looting in Kalardasht in
1918.
Yazdan Quli Khan, father of the present Intizam-us-Sultan,
and Sobhan Quli Khan, father of the present Intizam-i-Lashkar,
were powerful chiefs in the reign of Nasir-ud-Din Shah but no
paramount chief succeeded them, and internal cohesion between
the different sections has been loose. The Kalardasht and Pul
chiefs are interrelated, but weak, and bear some ill-feeling
towards the Kujur section, which is at present the most vigorous,
as the brothers, who have made themselves its leaders, are men
of energy and personality.
Many of this tribe are of the Ah Ilahi sect (see Chapter IV,
para. (d)),_ pages 187-188).
The “ II ” are settled in villages with the “ Gil ” in the pro
portion of about 2 to 1, and “II” and Gil ” intermarry. The
friction, which exists between them, concerning the tenure of
the land, is not serious.
The district is one of the most productive in the Elburz
and the inhabitants possess considerable stock of sheep and
cattle, and also raise large crops of wheat and barley and millet,
which supply all the surrounding country.
Tribes of Gllan.
The only tribes in Gilan are :
4. Amarlu.
5. Talish.
The ‘ Jangalls ’ are in no way tribal. 1
1 From to £ of the seed sown, i.e., from about to of the harvest.
The change was made by the Majlis during the premiership of Sipah Salar
and the odium of it is always attached to him.