'Military report on Tehran and adjacent Provinces of North-West Persia (including the Caspian Littoral)' [‎51r] (106/610)

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CHAPTER II.
Geography.
General description of area and division into 2 sections of Elburz
and Caspian provinces, and of Persian Plateau 89-91—Descrip
tion of Elburz and Caspian provinces 91-102, altitude and
passes, passability in winter 92-3, width of range 93, lateral
valleys of Nur, Shahrud and Kizil Uzun, and ‘ Northern ’ and
‘Southern’ watersheds formed by them 93-5, vegetation 95,
definition of Caspian provinces 96, their natural features,
division into 4 zones of mountain, forest, lowlands, seashore,
96-100, architecture 100, strategical notes 100-2—Descrip
tion of Persian plateau section 102-9, Kizil Uzun area
in 6 sections 92-106, bridges and fords over Kizil Uzun
107-8, strategical notes, Qaplan Kuh position, other lines
of approach 108-9—List of towns over 3,000 inhabitants
110, descriptions of 111-39.
This area comprises two mountain systems both starting General
from mount Ararat and running from North West to South o/lrea.
East.
The Easterly and most important system traverses Northern Elburz
Azarbaljan in an Easterly direction by Karadagh (11,050')
Savalan Dagh (15,800'), to the Talish country on the Caspian,
whence the Talish and Masuleh hills form the barrier between
the lowland coast strip and the Kizil Uzun* valley, which
pierces them by the pass of the Safid Rud below Manjil. East
of this river stretches the unbroken barrier of the Elburz cul
minating in Damavand (18,600') and throwing off parallel
spurs and buttresses clad with dense forests towards the Caspian.
The Western system, which is the central system of the Western
Persian plateau, passes Sahand Dagh (11,680') South of Tabriz, KhamselTand
and continues South East through Khamseh and Kharagan Kharagan.
and Khalaj'stan towards Kashan.
The highlands of Khamseh, with the exception of the steep
hills bordering the Kizil Uzun, are undulating and fertile and the
slopes gradual. Their elevation averages 6,000' to 7,500'.
In the vicinity of the Kazvin—Hamadan road, and South
East of it in Kharagan and Khalajistan, the hills become more
broken and are barren.
Pronounced locally as Uzen.