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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [285r] (574/982)
The record is made up of 1 volume (487 folios). It was created in 4 Nov 1932-14 Jan 1937. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
r~ - ■
THIS DOCPMENT IS THE PROPERTY OF HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY’S GOVERNMENT
- TTr-i-rpTr <• . t , at n 4 i* * Dagacia, MdTcti '2V,, 19H5.
WITH reference to my telegram No. 84 of the 25th March, I have the honour
to inform you that the Iraqi Government have appointed Mr Ditchburn to
enquire into the rioting which occurred in Kadhimain on the 23rd March. His
report is not yet complete, but some facts have come to light which I ‘think it
advisable to bring to your notice.
2. It appears that the trouble was primarily due to resentment aroused by
the stupidity of the local kaimakam, who, ignoring the religious sentiments of
people, permitted a post office to be built on ground which is venerated as having
been a cemetery for over a thousand years. fo
3. In spite of the fact that work on the building had apparently been going
on for nearly three months, the grievance of the populace was unknown to the
interested Government departments in Bagdad. Nor had any inkling of the
trouble reached the Embassy. This is the more surprising when it is remembered
that Kadhimain lies only some 4 miles to the north of Bagdad, and that normally
every event in the Holy City is immediately echoed in the capital.
4. These circumstances suggest that something more than popular
indignation at the desecration of the ancient cemetery lay behind the sudden
outburst of last Saturday. The obvious hypothesis is "that this grievance, like
others, was exploited by intriguers for political purposes, but it is premature
to discuss this theory in detail until Mr. Ditchburn has finished his investigations.
5. Meanwhile, the shops in the bazaar of Kadhimain remain closed, the
people are sullenly thronging the streets, and normal life is at a standstill.
EASTERN (Iraq).
April 8, 1935.
^ CONFIDENTIAL.
Section 4.
[E 2294/1583/93]
No. 1.
Sir A. Clark Kerr to Sir John Simon.—^(Received April 8.)
TT , , Bagdad, March 28, 1935
I have, &c.
ARCHIBALD CLARK KERR.
[381 b—4]
About this item
- Content
The volume contains correspondence and memoranda regarding relations between HM Government ( HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. ) and Iraq following independence, and private arrangements for the supply of information to HM Ambassador in Baghdad from British advisers to the Iraqi Government. The records also document the reaction of the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. and Foreign Office to political developments within Iraq, and their concerns over the possible impact on British and Indian commercial interests in Iraq.
The following events are documented in the file:
- 1932. Opening of the Iraqi parliament, formation (and change) of cabinets, arrangements for conservancy of the Shatt al-Arab.
- 1933. The death of King Faisal [Fayṣal bin 'Alī al-Hāshimī], the accession and policy of King Ghazi [Ghāzī bin Fayṣal al-Hāshimī], cabinet crises, and protests against the continued relationship between HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. and the Government of Iraq.
- 1934. Political appointments and commercial development.
- 1935. Opposition group activities in Iraq, tribal revolts in the Middle Euphrates area, cabinet crises, Yezidi disturbances in Mosul, and discussion of the Assyrian question.
- 1936. The controversy surrounding the marriage of Princess Asa [Azza] to a Christian porter in Athens, and the proposals of the Iraqi cabinet that she be murdered, or the marriage annulled; suppression of tribal activity in the Rumaitha district; the coup d'état, and instigation of a new cabinet under Hikmat Suleiman.
The bulk of the volume consists of correspondence between the Foreign Secretary and HM Minister in Baghdad. A number of communications and official statements from the Government and King of Iraq are also present. The volume also contains the following items of particular interest:
- Record of a conversation between Sir Francis Humphrys and Yasin Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. Al Hashimi, ff 426-427.
- English translation of a letter of condolence from Amir Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan, to King Ghazi, ff 403-406.
- Notes on the economic benefits accruing to Britain in Iraq, ff 357-359, 367-369.
- Memorandum regarding the commercial interests of the British India in Iraq, with a list of commercial enterprises, ff 346-351.
- Letter from Humphrys to King Ghazi regarding the continuation of private arrangements to ensure the transfer of information between the Government of Iraq and HMG Her or His Majesty’s Government in London. , f 312; with corresponding letter from King Ghazi to Humphrys, f 298.
- Communication sent by Archibald Clark Kerr to the Foreign Secretary (Viscount Eden), on the coup and its aftermath, ff 26-30.
The volume includes dividers which give lists of correspondence references contained in the volume by year. These are placed at the end of the correspondence (folios 4-5).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (487 folios)
- Arrangement
The papers are arranged in rough chronological order from the rear to the front of the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the main foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the inside front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 489; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An additional foliation sequence is present in parallel between ff 4-486; these numbers are also written in pencil, but are not circled.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG' [285r] (574/982), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/12/2860, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100049057337.0x0000af> [accessed 28 March 2025]
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- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/12/2860
- Title
- Coll 17/10(1) 'Internal: political situation; relations with HMG'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:10r, 12r:17r, 19r:27r, 29r:34v, 36r:82v, 84r:100v, 103r:147v, 149r:208v, 210r:225v, 227r:249v, 251r:274v, 276r:287v, 289r:297v, 299r:306v, 308r:317v, 319r:331v, 333r:363r, 365r:379v, 381r:381v, 383r:387v, 389r:402v, 407r:421v, 423r:427v, 430r:462v, 464r:470v, 472r:482v, 487r:488v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence