'Treaty of Peace with Turkey. Signed at Sévres, August 10, 1920. [With Maps.]' [‎17v] (14/112)

The best method of giving practical effect to this principle is that the tutelage of such
peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their
experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who
are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories
on behalf of the League.
The character of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the development
of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, its economic conditions and other
similar circumstances.
Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Lmpire have reached a stage
of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally
recognised subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory
until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must
be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.
Other peoples, especially those of Central Africa, are at such a stage that the Man
datory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which
will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenence of
public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic
and the liquor traffic, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifications or military
and naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and
the defence of territory, and will also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce
of other Members of the League.
There are territories, such as South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific
Islands, which, owing to the sparseness of their population, or their small size, or their
remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or their geographical contiguity to the territory
of the Mandatory, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the
Mandatory as integral portions of its territory, subject to the safeguards above mentioned
in the interests of the indigenous population.
In every case of Mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual
report in reference to the territory committed to its charge.
The degree of authority, control or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory
shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined
in each case by the Council.
A permanent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual
reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the
observance of the mandates.
Article 23.
Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of international conventions
existing or hereafter to be agreed upon, the Members of the League :
(a) will endeavour to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labour
for men, women and children, both in their own countries and in all
countries to which their commercial and industrial relations extend, and for
that purpose will establish and maintain the necessary international
organisations ;
(b) undertake to secure just treatment of the native inhabitants of territories
under their control ;
(c) will entrust the League with the general supervision over the execution of
agreements with regard to the traffic in women and children, and the traffic
in opium and other dangerous drugs ;
(d) will entrust the League with the general supervision of the trade in arms and
ammunition with the countries in which the control of this traffic is
necessary in the common interest;
(e) will make provision to secure and maintain freedom of communications and of
. transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of all Members of the
League. In this connection, the special necessities of the regions devastated
during the war of 1914-1918 shall be borne in mind ;
(/) w iH endeavour to take steps in matters of international concern for the
prevention and control of disease.
Article 24.
i ? ber ? k e P lace( l under the direction of the League all international bureaux
already established by general treaties if the parties to such treaties consent. All such