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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [349v] (701/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
PORTS AND INLAND TOWNS
544
road south to Nasiriya [3]. Track north across soft ground to Badra and
Mandali. Unmetalled main road [1] east to Ali Gharbi whence south-east
to Amara and Basra; and north-west to Aziziya and Baghdad [1].
Water: River steamers and native craft use the Tigris north to Baghdad
and south to Basra; in flood season native craft formerly used the Gharraf
south to Shatra. Details of navigation since construction of the Kut barrage
are not available.
Air: Landing-ground miles north of the town.
Mandali. 33 0 45' N., 45° 33' E.; alt. c. 350 feet. Pop. 8,000. Qadha cap.,
Diyala Liwa. Rainfall station (P. and T.).
Mandali, 72 miles east-north-east of Baghdad, lies on ground sloping
gradually down from the foot of Jabal Sambar on the Persian border on
the north-east, to the Tigris flood plain, and between the Ab-i-Naft to the
west and the Gangir stream to the east. The region is irrigated by a channel
from the Gangir. Mandali is the principal settlement of a cultivated tract
along the Persian border, and controls a secondary trade route into Persia.
Its inhabitants are non-tribal and of mixed origin, Turkomans, Kurds,
Lurs, with a few Persian merchants and Jews, and the Moslems are both
Sunni and Shia, including some Ali Ilahis.
It is uncertain whether Mandali is to be identified with the prosperous
Abbasid town of Bandanijin, capital of the same cultivated region, but
throughout Ottoman times Mandali was a place of economic and strategic
importance, liable to Persian invasions and border raids. In 1743 one of
Nadir Quli’s columns entered Iraq by the Gangir valley and took Mandali,
and the Persian invasion of 1822 also used this route. The town was occu
pied by the British in September 1917. Since 1918 cultivation has suffered
seriously by the attempted monopolization of the Gangir water on the
Persian side of the frontier.
Mandali is a mud-brick town of some 2,000 houses somewhat scattered
and relatively open, surrounded by date-gardens. The streets are narrow,
and often bordered by the mud walls of enclosures. Oil seepages in the
locality used to be worked by native methods; the nearest modern workings
are at Naft Khaneh. There is a pumped supply of water and a small
hospital of 5 beds.
Communications
Land: Unsurfaced route west to Baquba and Baghdad. North to Naft
Khaneh andKhanaqin. Ancient caravan route north-east into Persia, even
tually joining the main road to Kermanshah. Unsurfaced route south-east
to Badra and Kut al Imara.
Air: Landing-ground near the town.
Mosul. See p. 517.
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [349v] (701/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366481.0x000066> [accessed 19 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence