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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [309v] (621/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
480 CURRENCY, FINANCE, COMMERCE, AND OIL
was largely provisional. In that year a Financial Secretariat was
constituted, the collection of revenue being entrusted to the Revenue
Secretary and that of customs to the Commercial Secretary. When
ministries were instituted the Financial Secretariat was renamed the
Ministry of Finance, without, for a brief period, change or extension
of function. In April 1921, however, a Department of Customs and
Excise was constituted in the IMinistry of Finance, and in the fol
lowing October matters relating to land revenue were similarly trans
ferred. The Department of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
was instituted in 1924- British officials held most of the higher posts
in the Ministry of Finance until 193 0 ’ when they were replaced in
their executive offices by Iraqis, though they remained in the Ministry
as advisers.
In 1925 the financial administration was again reformed, and the
Iraqi Government then set out a clear policy in regard to the assess
ment and collection of land revenue:
j q'o reorganize revenue collection and to provide adequate
methods of auditing and accounting, in order to remove as far
as possible opportunities for speculation either by officials or
private individuals.
2. To dispense with the costly and vexatious task of forming
annual estimates of agricultural yields which were disturbing
to the cultivator and a source of corruption.
3. To set a definite and fixed rate of demand, payable in cash,
applicable to each type of land, whether owned privately (mulk)
or by the State (iniri), and to the method of irrigation employed
on it (p. 443)-
This policy meant that fixed demands must eventually be based
upon a cadastral survey and an assessment of the productive capacity
of the units of cultivable land, and for the four reasons given above
could only be introduced gradually.
The Budget
In 1919/20 the country was still disorganized and, as might be
expected, the so-called civil expenditure (522
lakhs
One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
of
rupees
Indian silver coin also widely used in the Persian Gulf.
) still
exceeded the revenue (495
lakhs
One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
), though the deficit was not large
(27
lakhs
One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
). 1 Of the expenditure approximately 28
lakhs
One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
(£215,670)
1 A
lakh
One lakh is equal to one hundred thousand rupees
is a hundred thousand, generally shown with commas thus: 1 , 00 , 000 .
The exact figures were (at is. 6d. to the rupee):
Expenditure . . Rs. 521,87,780 or £3,914,083
Revenue . • Rs. 49S>36,5 10 or £3>7 I 5> 2 3^
Deficit . • Rs. 26,51,270 or £198,845
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [309v] (621/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366481.0x000016> [accessed 22 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence