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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [303v] (609/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
470 IRRIGATION, AGRICULTURE, AND MINOR INDUSTRY
Camels, which are essentially animals of the plains, are the principal
source of wealth of the beduin tribes of the southern and western
deserts and are also bred by certain semi-settled tribes of Lower
Mesopotamia. Beduin keep them for their products—milk and camel-
hair—and for sale to the towns as meat or as beasts of burden.
The replacement of the camel by the lorry for desert transport has
reduced the demand for pack animals, but as a source of meat there
is no reason why camel-herding should decline. Their use in southern
Iraq is limited by the fact that the soft going of the alluvial plains in
winter makes camel transport useless.
Camels are of the single-humped species and are either pack or
riding animals. Pack camels are of heavy build and carry from 400
to 600 lb. for 15-25 miles a day. Thoroughbred riding camels are
more slightly built and are capable of maintaining a steady amble of
6 miles an hour for several days consecutively with due rest.
The number of taxed camels was about 80,000 in 1938-1939, and
showed a slight but steady increase since 1935. A quarter are in
Dulaim province and the remainder are fairly evenly distributed
through the provinces of the plains, though surprisingly few are
in Baghdad and Basra provinces.
Donkeys, Horses, and Mules
Of these, donkeys are far the most important, being the principal
pack and riding animals of the whole country. The usual kind is
black or dark brown, small and wiry, but there is a special white
breed of . riding donkey, with long tail, large in size and strong,
originating from Nejd. The principal breeding-centres are in the
neighbourhood of Baghdad, Hilla, and Samawa.
The raising of thoroughbred horses is a speciality of certain tribes,
particularly the Shammar, Amarat Anaiza, and Bani Lam. The
horse is mainly an article of luxury and not of general economic
importance; genealogies are preserved and the various Arab breeds
are carefully distinguished. Horses are also used for carts and
carriages, principally in towns, though the total number of horse-
drawn vehicles did not exceed 1,400 in 194°' Kurdistan the
semi-nomadic tribesmen keep ponies and use them as ordinary
riding animals and also for pack transport. Tel Afar is the principal
horse market of the north. Mules also are a Kurdish animal, princi
pally used for pack transport; the best are imported from Persia.
No statistical information exists for any of these animals and their
distribution cannot at present be usefully mapped.
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [303v] (609/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366481.0x00000a> [accessed 23 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence