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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [212v] (429/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
312 HISTORY
the solidarity of the kingdom to employ some Kurds outside and
some Arabs inside the Kurdish areas. The main contribution of the
Kurds to the State has been within the army, where individual
officers have acquired a position of considerable importance, as is
shown by the career and coup d’etat of the Kurdish general Bekr
Sidqi (p. 303). The weakness in the Iraqi method of governing
Kurdistan had been the almost exclusive use of force and the relative
neglect of peaceful penetration. ‘Pacification’ by aerial bombing,
though it may be cheap, is a cause of great suffering and bitterness,
because even if there are no direct casualties, stored crops are
destroyed and a period of starvation follows.
At the end of 1943 another autonomist revolt broke out in the
Barzan area, led by a local mulla named Mustafa; once more the
material cause seemed to be the neglect of Kurdish interests by
the central government. Negotiations for settlement were still pro
ceeding in the spring of 1944.
The Assyrians
In 1918 a British force (p. 284) operating in Persia encouraged the
Assyrian (Nestorian) Christian mountaineers living in the Hakari
valleys mostly north of Mosul vilayet to rise against the Turks. The
rebellion was unsuccessful and after dire massacres the Assyrian
tribesmen retired to British protection in Persia and were transported
thence to a refugee camp at Baquba near Baghdad. After the armis
tice the Turks refused to allow them to return to their native valleys
and they remained to create a new minority problem in Iraq. A
small part of their old country was within Iraq and accommodated
a few thousands, but the majority of about 20,000 were settled tem
porarily on lands and in villages left desolate by the war in the Mosul
vilayet, mostly around Zakho, Dohuk, and Mosul. The final British
scheme was to gain from Turkey in the Mosul negotiations enough of
the old Assyrian territory northwards to Julamerk and Neri 1 to estab
lish the Assyrians as a compact body within a portion of their old
homeland. This scheme failed when the League Council restricted
the northern frontier of Iraq to the ‘Brussels line’ (p. 311).
Land Settlement. It thus became necessary to find permanent
homes for the Assyrians, who had a very great claim on the gratitude
of Great Britain as the ‘smallest ally’ during the war and as the most
loyal of supporters during the mandatory period, whereas to the
Iraqi Government they were but a set of unwanted refugees. By
1 Turkish £dlemerik and §emdinan.
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [212v] (429/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366480.0x00001e> [accessed 22 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence