'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [‎204r] (412/862)

MODERN IRAQ 295
of the League, nor against States to which Britain had agreed by
treaty to grant similar rights. This latter clause covered the U.S.A.
interests in oil (p. 493). The treaty was to last for four years till
July 1928, though originally planned for twenty years. But on the
insistence of the League when the Mosul vilayet was awarded to Iraq
in 1925, the mandatory period was extended for another twenty-five
years or until the entry of Iraq into the League (pp. 310-11).
Annexed to the treaty were four subsidiary agreements which
particularly aroused the criticism of the extreme nationalists. The
first gave a schedule of eighteen administrative departments to which
the Iraq government must appoint British officials as advisers or
inspectors. Salaries were on a generous scale varying from about
£60 a month to a maximum in the highest posts of £250, and con
tracts were for periods up to ten years.
Next by a Military Agreement the Iraqis were to be made respon
sible for internal order and defence of the realm as soon as possible.
British forces in Iraq were to be progressively reduced to nil by 1928.
The Iraqis were not to receive British help if they neglected recom
mendations of the High Commissioner about army movements or if
they caused trouble by disregarding his advice. In the event of joint
action the commander was to be British. Iraq was to spend 25 per
cent, of its income on the armed forces.
The third agreement was judicial and provided for possible safe
guards of the interests of foreigners made necessary by the abolition
of capitulations. This meant the establishment of a certain number
of British judges and the acceptance of certain forms of procedure
for cases affecting foreigners. The fourth agreement was financial.
Iraq was to pay the cost of administration, including the mainten
ance of the British Residency An office of the East India Company and, later, of the British Raj, established in the provinces and regions considered part of, or under the influence of, British India. , and to meet all payments on her share
of the Ottoman Public Debt (p. 485). The agreement also dealt with
the arrangements to be made and the price to be paid by Iraq for
the acquisition of the road, rail, telegraphic, and port facilities built
by the British during the military occupation. The price was origi
nally based on war-time costs, but eventually Iraq secured them at a
bargain figure (pp. 508, 582).
The Working of the Mandate
The mandatory system depended in practice upon two factors:
first British military help, and second the relative subordination
of the advisers to the High Commissioner and the Iraqi Government.
At no time were the advisers executive, though there were at first