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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [164r] (332/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
SUMERIAN AND BABYLONIAN PERIOD 225
(S 2 5 )- Mesopotamia ceased to provide the military foundation
this complex. Assyria and Babylonia formed a single province
of the Persian Empire, ruled by satraps. But the city of Babylon,
through its geographical position, became the administrative capital,
central market, and intellectual focus of the whole empire (fig. 52).
The Persian conquest marks a new epoch. Hitherto
Anatolia
Peninsula that forms most of modern-day Turkey.
and
Iran had been outside the main stream of civilization. No Mesopo
tamian king had ruled peoples north-west of Cappadocia; few had
even crossed the Taurus. Hitherto the civilization of Babylon had
been preponderantly Semitic and Sumerian, with minor contribu
tions from other sources. But now the ruling power was Iranian—
Indo-European—and the Iranians had a major contribution to make,
mainly in religion and administration. Zoroastrian and Babylonian
theology intermingled. The situation was exactly paralleled 1,300
years later when similar Persian influences produced in lower Iraq
the great Shia heresy of Islam.
Zoroastrian Religion. The pure Zoroastrian or Mazdaean faith of
the Persians was quite unlike anything hitherto known to Mesopo
tamian man. The Babylonian gods, like those of Greek polytheism,
were the personifications of natural forces and human passions; the
essential thing was to placate them, and they were local in character.
But Zoroastrianism was a universal system of ethical and meta
physical ideas, a religion in the modern sense. It might be sum
marized as the necessity for the individual man to choose between
‘light’ and ‘darkness’; it is his duty to choose light, to speak truth,
and to combat ‘the Lie’. There was also a doctrine of judgement
A 5195 o
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [164r] (332/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366479.0x000085> [accessed 23 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence