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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [132r] (268/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
CLIMATE
181
becomes marked about three hours after sunrise; at its worst it may
reduce visibility to a few hundred yards, but its worst effects are
mitigated by ascending a very few feet above ground-level. In the
early days of the War of 1914-1918 artillery observation was carried
out from ships; later, batteries were supplied with observation
ladders or extensions to limber-poles (photos. 73, 74). There is, of
course, no difficulty from mirage in observation from aircraft.
Fog is rare in Iraq, occurring on the average 6 days a year at
Shuaiba, 8 or 9 days at Baghdad, 4 days in the western desert at
Rutba, and 14 days at Mosul. It is commonest in December and
January.
Shuaiba has also recorded visibility over a period of nine years at
5 a.m., that is, before mirage becomes effective. Most dust-storms
also occur later in the day. The figures probably include fog, mist,
and dust-haze. The average number of days on which visibility has
fallen there below 2 nautical miles is only 11, fairly evenly distributed
throughout the year.
Sunshine and Cloud (Table IX)
The hours of sunshine are very high. There are records covering
six years between 1922 and 1936 for Mosul, where the average number
of hours per day throughout the year is 8-9. June, July, and August
all have daily means of over 12 hours, and are practically cloudless.
More recently sunshine records have been taken at both Mosul
and Baghdad, where for the year 1940 they are given as percentages
of the maximum amount possible. These show higher figures for
Baghdad than for Mosul in every month.
All five stations record the amount of cloud throughout the year.
The average cloud-cover for the winter is perhaps rather higher than
would be expected for the small amount of precipitation, but
otherwise there are no special points to notice.
VEGETATION
Iraq, within its present political boundaries, includes three main
regions: {a) the ancient Mesopotamia lying between the rivers Tigris
and Euphrates; (b) a mountainous area to the north-east, forming
part of the Kurdistan ranges; (c) a part of the Syrian desert, an arid
inhospitable region west and south of the Euphrates.
The climate is semi-arid, with a rainfall which, though moderately
plentiful in the northern and north-eastern districts, especially in the
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [132r] (268/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366479.0x000045> [accessed 23 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence