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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [98r] (200/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
123
DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND
Watering-places in the Southern and Western Deserts
There are several types of watering-places in the southern and
western deserts. They are given below with their usual Arabic
names: 1
(i) Permanent wells (usually jalib, plural gulban), either cut through
solid rock or lined for some distance by blocks of roughly dressed stone,
are often sunk to great depths and have substantial supplies of peren
nial water. Inclined posts (maqam) are fixed over the mouth of the
well for holding a pulley over which a rope is passed for drawing
- '.A, A-*-- --rr “
Fig. 31. Qasr Ukhaidhir from the north-west
water. The beduin build shallow troughs of mud and gypsum (juss)
radiating from each well-mouth. Radiating tracks are made by camels
hauling outwards from the well, so that the well with its tracks and its
troughs appears star-shaped from the air. This type of well is usually
called a ‘star-well’, and is often shown on maps by a star symbol.
Some of the larger will accommodate from 10 to 15 maqam. Tackle
and some hundreds of feet of rope must be carried for drawing from
these wells. If not drawn upon for some time the water tends to
become stagnant and evil-smelling, but it improves after two or three
days’ use.
(2) Semi-permanent water-holes (agla, hissu, thamila ; plur. agal,
hussiyan, thamaiT) are shallow excavations, usually in
wadi
A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows.
beds or
hollows where flood water collects and remains close to the surface.
The holes are dug in clusters of as many as 50, the number varying
with the sub-surface water-supply. When not in use they contain a
few feet of water at varying shallow depths below ground-level. In
some cases the water is sweet when the holes are first dug but becomes
bitter after some time. They are then abandoned and new holes are
dug. Beduin prefer to camp near this type of well rather than at deep
wells which entail considerable labour, but these shallow water-holes
will rarely water any but small flocks in summer. The groups of
1 These names, with special symbols, enable the type of watering-place to be
identified on the 1: 500,000 map.
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence