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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [22r] (48/862)
The record is made up of 1 volume (430 folios). It was created in 1944. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
GEOLOGY
1 5
and by Lower Cretaceous times formed a wedge level with the surface
of the north-east shoulder of the basement block. The Nubian sand
stone to the west and these limestones to the east then formed a wide
submarine plain evenly covered by a shallow sea in which a fairly thin
sheet of sandstone was deposited. In the Middle Cretaceous the sea
ebbed, and a low flat land occupied western Iraq much as it does to
day, only to be covered again by the sea in Upper Cretaceous times.
This sea ebbed and flowed during Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene
times, in each of which a thin layer of limestone was produced.
These limy veneers find contemporary counterparts across Meso
potamia in the Kurdish foothills, while between the two a calcareous
sludge settled in the sea. Torrid conditions in the Miocene effected
the concentration of salts in the sea-water, and these have been re
corded by a wide apron of red clays interbedded with anhydrites.
This stage was succeeded by a period when lagoons of fresh or
brackish water were formed as the sea-bed filled up with sediments,
leaving a fairly thin deposit of pebbly red marls and clays along a
narrow fringe. The latest phase in the history of this western region
is the recurrence of desert conditions, such as are evident to-day,
which have made their mark by leaving a strip of dunes along the
Euphrates edge of the southern desert.
Like many of the plateaux of western and central Asia, this western
platform of Iraq is pitted by a few late shallow depressions of per
plexing origin. Perhaps they are the result of sagging—more pro
bably of local faulting. They were filled with water, and their lake-
deposits contain freshwater shells. They immediately recall the local
depressions (ovas') of the Anatolian plateau and the larger basins, such
as the Turfan depression, of central Asia.
(ii) The Mountain Region of the North and East
The history of this region is much more complicated. It is, how
ever, important, for, as mentioned in the Introduction, this region
has been found to contain mineral oil, and the search for oil is very
closely connected with the nature, composition, and history of the
sedimentary layers. Mineral oil is formed under certain conditions
by biological and chemical processes in sedimentary strata; it collects
in bulk when the strata are folded into gentle arched structures or
anticlines under suitable cover. Seepages occur where the cover is
thin or where there is a fracture. If the anticline has been badly
broken, all or most of the oil may have been drained away and lost. It
is therefore of the greatest importance for the oil geologist to know
About this item
- Content
The volume is titled Iraq and the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. (London: Naval Intelligence Division, 1944).
The report contains preliminary remarks by the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1942 (John Henry Godfrey) and the Director of Naval Intelligence, 1944 (E G N Rushbrook).
There then follows thirteen chapters:
- I. Introduction.
- II. Geology and description of the land.
- III. Coasts of the Persian Gulf The historical term used to describe the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. .
- IV. Climate, vegetation and fauna.
- V. History.
- VI. People.
- VII. Distribution of the people.
- VIII. Administration and public life.
- IX. Public health and disease.
- X. Irrigation, agriculture, and minor industry.
- XI. Currency, finance, commerce and oil.
- XII. Ports and inland towns.
- XIII. Communications.
- Appendices: stratigraphy; meteorological tables; ten historical sites, chronological table; weights and measures; authorship, authorities and maps.
There follows a section listing 105 text figures and maps and a section listing over 200 illustrations.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (430 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is divided into a number of chapters, sub-sections whose arrangement is detailed in the contents section (folios 7-13) which includes a section on text-figures and maps, and list of illustrations. The volume consists of front matter pages (xviii), and then a further 682 pages in the original pagination system.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence (used for referencing) commences at the front cover with 1, and terminates at the inside back cover with 430; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: the file also contains an original printed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF' [22r] (48/862), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100037366478.0x000031> [accessed 22 March 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/15/64
- Title
- 'IRAQ AND THE PERSIAN GULF'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:253r, 254r, 255r:429v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence