'Handbook of Arabia. Vol. I. 1917' [‎162] (171/748)

162
YEMEN
to extend their rule southwards into the Aden hinterland as certain a*
Imams had done before them. The head centre of Ottoman fe* 0 '
government was San'a, where the Vali and C. in C. resided. Under e *"
it were four Sanjaqs, the Merkaz (San'a), Asir, Hodeidah, and if 1 ®
Ta'izz governed by Mutessarifs. The three of these lying in Yemen W®
proper were divided into twenty-one Loheia, Haju, Zeidiyah, J* 1
Bajil, Beit el-Faqih, Mocha ; Haj, Suda, Tawilah, Dhoran, Reimah, mW
Zebid, 'Udeir, Ibb, Hajariyah ; Hajjah (Haddah), An is, Dhamar, «■»
Rada', Yerim, and Qa'tabah. ■'I"
Never long quiet under alien rule, impatient of taxation, and iW
disgusted at the spectacle of their lands falling out of cultivation We,
and trade passing to Aden, the Yemenis, especially the highlanders, ifttoll
gave continual trouble to the Turks. In 1891 a great rising (the jilpaii
first of a series) took place, but was suppressed after a costly Mi
campaign and San'a was wrested from the rebels by Ahmed Peizi fotpst
Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. . Yahya Hamid ed-Din, though the revolt was made in aiU
his name, fled on its actual outbreak to Sa'dah, leaving the head- Mfte
ship of the fighting forces to his cousin, Ahmed esh-Shera'i. (nAir
Another general rising followed in 1904 on the death of the
Imam, Mohammed el-Mansur (son of Yahya Hamid ed-Din, who skgit
had never been recognized as Imam), and the accession of his son, He tr
Yahya. San'a capitulated through famine, and all the posts inland pemi
of Menakhah surrendered to the rebels, who took more than seventy Tie j
pieces of artillery and a considerable quantity of small arms and
amjnunition. Ahmed Feizi Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , who had shown such firmness Bittti
and ability in the previous rising, returned from Basra to command cfiitiiry,
the expeditionary column which had been collected on the coast, iteen
fought his way to San'a and re-established order, but only after Wass
a great expenditure of blood and money. The Imam, however, otSani]
utterly refused to surrender any of the weapons and stores he had ^o'ta,
captured, and it was only by the Turks giving way on this point
that a patched-up peace was made. _ JWs
In 1911 San'a (under Mohammed' Ali Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. ) was again beleaguered Samsl
by the insurgent tribes in the name of the Imam Yahya. Tzzet Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. , ie oi^
who relieved the place and became military governor, inaugurated uipn^
a rapprochement with the Imam, for he saw that the military difficu -
ties of the situation demanded some such policy, if Turkey was to si?kit
preserve even nominal sovereignty in Yemen. For a long time 'ftiotl®
the Porte refused to consider the measure, and 'Izzet returned o io| {t j
Stambul in order to press his views, leaving Mahmud Nazim l>ey
(a civilian) to carry on negotiations with the Imam. 'illy
Tzzet Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. attained his aim at Stambul, and an Impend
Firman A Persian word meaning a royal order or decree issued by a sovereign, used notably in the Ottoman Empire (sometimes written ‘phirmaund’). was read publicly at San'a on September 22, 1913, pi 0 'Ujlflj