'Reconnaissances in Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, North-West Persia, and Luristan from April to October 1888. By Lt F R Maunsell, Intelligence Branch. In Two Volumes. Volume I: narrative report, description of larger towns and routes leading from them. Simla: Intelligence Branch, Quarter Master General's Dept, 1890' [‎105r] (214/312)

At Bavaeha is a bridge over the Sedika vivei.
The fourth stage is Sairdt, passing through Siddoch and Kiai.lt
This route was said to be very difficult for mules, and only med \
foot
men.
information o-iven in Jazirah about routes through the Hartoshi country
to more thun usually -mrelmbl. Caravans erthertab. the
Sairdt road or the Amadiyeh road nom urc '0 a ^ ( ^f oun( | l ie
procured for the Hartoshi route, who said he know the eouutiy but 1 Hmn.l he
had never been beyond Shernakh. Others were found who only knew t
first nart of the road. No one had been through to Bashkala. _ .
'lL Tnvkish officials in Jar.irah did their best to rievent my p-oing this way
to Bashkala. They represented the road as extremely difficult, and the country
peorled by robbers of singular ferocity, who at certain narrow parts of the
road laid wait for the unwary traveller, and crushed him by ro mg mg
b °tT ye'imui^by raft from here to Mosul, and rather more when the water
is lower. The raft! trust a good deal to the force of the current to carry them
^^kffishkhabur is 15 miles distant. Two men came in, having ridden along
the right bank in five hours.
KURDS IN THE HAKKTARI MOUNTAINS.
The following are the principal Kurdish tribes in the Hakkiari Mountains
from Jazirah eastward to the Persian frontier . ,i t rwrfi
Q Q /i '—These are a sedentary tribe occupying 2o villages m the Judi Da 0 h,
immediately north of Zakho, along the banks of the Hazir. w ,
They have a very bad reputation. The Christian villages of \\ asit and
Tal Khabbin are in this country. .
Slopi. —This is a sedentary tribe of 22 villages living on the south-west
slope of the Judi Dagh between the Hazir and Jazirah. vr <- f
The Christian villages of Hassan and Nerwan are in this district. Mostot
the highway robbery on the road near Jazirah is put down to this tri >e.
Haji Bairam .—A sedentary tribe of 13 villages also m the Kaza of
JaZl ^ _A small tribe living in the Hazir valley in eight villages. They
have also a had reputation. , „ ^ -
Bohtimi .—This is the generic name for a collection of tribes numbering
62 vdlages in all, living in the country on the road between Jazirah and
Sairdt and eastward towards Shattak.
A village was given by my informant as about 30 houses eac i.
There are a few Kurdish villages along the north-east slope of the
Judi Dagh under the Agha of Shakh. Hubla Divin and Shakh are the three
laro , est villages. For detailed description of Shakh {see Route XI).
°Kiki ,—These are a tribe numbering 24 villages, extending along the left
bank of the Tigris for some 20 miles north of Mosul. „ .
Sliwan .— These are a tribe living in the Jabal Abiadh south of Zakho.
They number 25 villages. . ,
A portion of these are nomad, or “ Kochers,^ moving for summer pasturage
(zozau) to the mountains west of Gavvar.
Dtfs/h'.—These are a tribe living in the district round Debok and tne north
west of it, and also in the Supna valley. They number 16 villages.
A portion of them are nomad, going to Gavvar for zozan.
y 2