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'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)' [80v] (165/348)
The record is made up of 1 volume (170 folios). It was created in 1917. It was written in English. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
156 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY AND FINANCE
Methods of Agriculture
The peasants use primitive methods and are obstinately
conservative, though American ploughs and winnowing
machines are gradually finding their way into the country.
Peasant farmers observe no regular rotation of crops, though
on large estates a rotation is adopted of two years wheat,
one year oats, and one or more years fallow. Where arable
land is plentiful more fallow is allowed. There is little dressing
beyond the treading of the sheep in spring and autumn. The
natural fertility of the ground in central and south-western
Turkey is very great.
The ancient one-handled wooden plough is used. It is drawn
by a yoke or team of buffaloes. Occasionally the seed is merely
scattered over the stubble and then ploughed in. The sheaves
are threshed by laying them on the earthen threshing floor
and driving a team of three or four ponies over them. The
ponies draw after them a heavy piece of wood studded with
pieces of flint or nails. The driver, usually a girl, stands on
this implement. The straw so produced is poor. The grain is
winnowed by being thrown up in the air with wooden shovels.
Silk-worm culture is generally looked after by the women.
It occupies two months in the spring.
In view of the absence of coal-mines in European Turkey
at present producing any large quantities, the following report
(of the autumn of 1915) on the coal-fields of northern Asia
Minor may be quoted :
The stock of coal at Constantinople was estimated at
20,000 tons early in August 1915, but coal continues to find
its way in from the Black Sea and Keshan coal-fields. The
latter produce about 12-15 tons a day, and the quality is better
than that of Bulgarian coal. The bad coal found near Rodosto
may be ignored for the present purpose.
The Government requires some 2,000 tons a day for lighting,
factories, &c., and there would seem to be no doubt that
Coal Supply
About this item
- Content
Copy of 'A handbook of Turkey in Europe, prepared on behalf of the Admiralty , Admiralty War Staff, Intelligence Division, January 1917.'
The volume contains thirteen photographic plates (folios 99-106) and a map (folio 171).
Contents (folio 6):
Section I
- I. Boundaries and Physical Features, p 9 (f 7);
- II. Climate, p 27 (f 16);
- III. Modern History, p 34 (f 19v);
- IV. Ethnology and Languages, p 49 (f 27);
- V. Religions, p 66 (f 35v);
- VI. Government and Administration, p 96 (f 50v);
- VII. Turkish Social Life, p 114 (f 59v);
- VIII. Economic Geography and Finance, p 142 (f 73v);
- IX. Chief Towns, p 166 (f 85v);
- X. Money, Weights and Measures, the Calendar, p 185 (f 95).
Section II. Itineraries.
- Roads, p 193(f 107);
- Railways, p 276 (f 148v).
Index, p 307 (f 164).
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (170 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume contains a table of contents at folio 6, and an index at folios 164-170.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: the foliation sequence commences at the inside front cover with 1 and terminates at the inside back cover with 172; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio. An original pagination sequence is present in parallel between ff 7-170.
- Written in
- English in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)' [80v] (165/348), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/MIL/17/16/17, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100034200923.0x0000a6> [accessed 10 February 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/MIL/17/16/17
- Title
- 'A handbook of Turkey in Europe (London: Intelligence Division, Admiralty; 1917)'
- Pages
- front, back, spine, edge, head, tail, front-i, 2r:98v, 107r:170v, back-i
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence