'Collections of travels through Turky into Persia, and the East Indies. Giving an account of the present state of those countries, as also a full relation of the five years wars, between Aureng-Zebe and his brothers in their father's life time, about the succession. And a voyage made by the Great Mogul (Aureng-Zebe) with his Army from Dehli to Lahor, from Lahor to Bember, and from thence to the Kingdom of Kachemire, by the Mogols, call'd, the Paradise of the Indies. Together with a relation of the Kingdom of Japan and Tunkin, and of their particular manners and trade. To which is added a new description of the Grand Seignior's Seraglio, and also of all the Kingdoms that encompass the Euxine and Caspian Seas, being the travels of Monsieur TavernierBernier, and other great men.' [‎72] (743/1024)

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7 2 The Hiftoryof the Empire
powerful Patrons, pay’d thofe Workmen a little better: Hay, a little Better i for
what* fine fluffs foever we fee come from thofe Countries, ’we muff not imagine that
the Workman is there in any honour, or comes to any thing * 5 tis nothing bu^meer
Necellity, or the Cudgel, that makes him work, he never grows rich i it is no fmall
matter, when he hath wherewith to live, and to cloath himfelf narrowly. If there be
any mony togainof the Work, that is not for him, but for thofe great Merchants of
Towns, I was juft now fpeaking of i and even thefe themfelves find it often difficult
enough to maintain themfelves, and to prevent Extortion.
’Tis from the fame caufealfo, that a grofs and profound Ignorance reigns in thofe
States. For, how is it poffible, there ftiould be Academies and Colleges well founded
where are fuch Founders to be met with ? And if there were any, Whence were the
Scholars to be had ? Where are thofe that have means fufficient to maintain their Chil
dren in Colleges ? And if there were, who would appear to be fo rich ? And if they
would, Where are thofe Benefices, Preferments, and Dignities, that require Knovvledg
and Abilities, and that may animate young men to ftudy ?
Thence it is like wife, thatTraffick languifhes in all that Country, in comparifon of
ours. For how many are there, that care to take pains, to run up and down, to write
much, and to run danger for another, for a Governor, that (hall extort, if he be not
in league with fome confiderable Sword-man, whofe Slave he in a manner is, and that
makes his own Conditions with him ?
It is not there, that the Kings find for their fervice, Princes, Lords, Gentlemen, Sons
of rich and good Families, Officers, Citizens, Merchants, and even Tradefmen, well
born, well educated, and well inftru&ed men of Courage, that have a true affection
and refpedf for their King, that often live a great while at the Court, and in the Army,
at their own Expences, entertaining themfelves with good hopes, and content with the
favourable afpe<5t of the Prince i and who, upon ocicafion, fight manfully, covetous to
uphold the honour of their Anceftofs and Families. Thofe Kings, I fay, never fee
about them, but men of nothing, Slaves, Ignorants, Brutes, and fuch Courtizans as
are raifed from the Duft to Dignities j and that for want of good Education and Inftru-
dion, almoft always retain fomewhat of their Offfpring, of the temper of Beggars,en
riched, proud, unfufferable, heartlefs, infenfible of honour, difingenuous, and void of
affection and regard for the honour of their King and Country. Here it is, where thofe
Kings muft mine all, to find means to defray all thofe prodigious Charges, which they
cannot avoid for entertaining their great Court, which hath no other fource to fubfift
but their Coffers andTreafiJre, and for maintaining conftantly the vaft number of Sol
diers, neceffary for them to keep the People in fubjedrion, to prevent their running
away, to make them work, and to get what is exadted from them, they being fo many
Defloerado^ for being perpetually under hatches, and for labouring only for others.
Thence it is alfo, that in an important War that may happen (which may be almoft
at all times ) they muft almoft of neceftity fell the Govermpent for ready Mony , and
immenfeSums, whence chiefly that mine and defolation comes to pafs which we fee.
For the Governor, which is the Buyer, muft nothebe re-imburfed of all thofe great
Sums of mony, which he hath taken up, perhaps the third or fourth part, at high in-
tereft ? Muft not a Governor alfo, whether he have bought the Government or not,fincl
means as well as a Timariot and a Farmer, to make every year great Prefents to a Fiftr,
an Eunuch^ a Lady of the Seraglio^ and to thofe other perfons that fupport him at
Court ? Muft he not pay to the King his ufual Tributes, and withal enrich himfelf, that
wretched Slave, half famiftfd, and deeply indebted when he firft appear’d, without
Goods, Lands, and Revenues of his Houfe, fuch as they all are. Do not they ruine all,
and layallwafte? I mean thofe, that in the Provinces are like fo many fmall Tyrants
with a boundlefs and unmeafur’d Authority, there being no body there, as hath been
already faid, that can reftrain them, or to whomaSubjedl can have refuge,to favehim
felf from their Tyranny, and to obtain Juftice ?
’Tis true, that in the Empire of the Mogol, the Vakea-rievti } that is, thofe Perfons,
whom he fends into the Provinces to write to him whatever paffefh there, do a little
keep the Officers in awe, provided they do not collude together (as it almoft always
happens ) to devour all, as alfo that the Governments are not there fo often fold, nor
fo openly as in Tmky i I fay, not fo openly ( for thole great Prefents, they are from time
to time obliged to make, are almoft equivalent to Sales ) and that the Governors ordi
narily remain longer in their Governments i which maketh them not fo hungry, fobeg-
* ' ’ §ariy ?
*