!['File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [‎150r] (299/565)](https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000193.0x000213/IOR_R_15_1_558_0299.jp2/full/!1200,1200/0/default.jpg "'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [‎150r] (299/565)")
'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [150r] (299/565)
The record is made up of 1 volume (285 folios). It was created in 13 Sep 1920-8 Nov 1921. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
3.
tha whols world, and I n©9d not spaak. about that now. It is
only about two yaars ago that the King stoDpod Bin Saud^ sub-
aidy and hs got annoyad. He then got up some extra power by
means of his unscrupulous ways, ohiefly by cunningly appealing
to the fanatioisra of an already fanatio class, the Wahabis of
Nejd who are most wild, ignorant Bedouin, incapable of under
standing the true principles of Islam* No doubt Abdul Aziz is
clever and possesses great powers of intrigue# He is incessant-
^8? j
ly spreading his propaganda and, what we fear most, is mislead
ing our own He.jaz Amirs and Sheikhs, and tribesmen to rebel
against the king. Some have already become disloyal, and even
our own Ibn Amm (cousin) Khalid, the Amir of KHURMA, has turn-
.
ad traitor# You have just bean among them and, being a Muslim
yourself, can well understand that their so called 'Din* (creed)
of Akhwan is an abominable 'Bidaat* (fad)# Neither th§ book
of God, Al-Qurnn*, nor the 'Hadith*,(Tradition) of the Holy
Prophet aver taught such things as they are doing now in the
name of religion# For instance, where is the text forbidding
the use of tobacco. NoOhere at all in the Quran# Then ^dJ the
Akhwan brand a smoker as 'Kafir* (heretic) and kill him as
— N
such* I had to confess to my own sentiments of hatred for the
Akhwan, and his extreme intolerenca and fanaticism# I said,
quite
however, that I cpuld not/see how far Bin Saud was personally
responsible for or connected with the movement, adding that he
had been known to have bla^med and cursad the'Akhwan at times#
To this Amir Abdullah replied that that was doubtless a 'Hilah 1
(trick), and 'Siyasah 1 (policy) of Abdul Aziz, who had really
invented the Akhwan to serve as a tool for his own ambitions
and was using that tool with^scrudtos.
6. The Akhwan movement. Amir Abdullah said, was an un
mistakable 'Fitnah* (trouble or turmoil) against which the Holy
/ fore-
Prophet had/warned Muslims in his lifetime, as , it is stated,
that once whan asked to bless NEJD, he said, "Innaha Qarnun
min qurun-ish-Shaitan, tabtadi minha-al-fitan wa tantahi elaiha"
(it is a horn of the Satan^turmoils or commotions will arise
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and notes relating to Ibn Sa'ud and the affairs of Najd. The correspondence is mostly between: Harold Dickson, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Percy Cox, the High Commissioner in Baghdad; Ibn Sa'ud; King Hussein of the Hijaz; the Government of India, in Simla and Calcutta; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , in London; the Foreign Office, in London; Arthur Trevor, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire; and Siddiq Hassan, the Indian assistant in Bahrain.
Most of the volume relates to the territorial and political disputes between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, with particular coverage of the mission to Mecca to conclude an agreement between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, carried out by Ahmad bin Abdullah al-Thanaiyan, and Siddiq Hassan and Farhan al Rahmah, the Sa'udi and British representatives respectively.
Notable is the diary of Siddiq Hassan (ff 103-116v) written during his mission to Mecca, and his notes on the numerous meetings he had with King Hussein and the talks between the latter and Thanaiyan. Included as appendices to these notes are the following: a draft, in Arabic, of the eventual agreement signed by the two parties; a letter, in Arabic, from Hassan bin 'Ali ibn 'Aayidh, Chief of 'Assir, to King Hussein; another letter in Arabic from King Hussein to Siddiq Hassan; and an English translation of the finalised agreement. Also present is a report of the journey by Farhan al-Rahmah (ff. 116v-121v).
Other topics covered by the volume are as follows:
- the continued fighting and negotiations between Ibn Sa'ud and the Ikhwan on the one side and the al-Rashid (Shammar) on the other;
- the ongoing border dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and Kuwait;
- developments in 'Asir and the 'Idrisi movement;
- Ibn Sa'ud's British subsidy;
- revolt in Iraq and Syria, and the spread of Arab Nationalism;
- relations between Ibn Sa'ud and other tribal groups, and his growing influence in the region.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (285 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is largely arranged in chronological order. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 2, 3). The index entries refer to the original folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: Numbers are written in pencil, in the top right corner, on the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. The numbering is irregular, begins on the first folio at the front of the volume and is as follows: 1A-E, 2-78, 99-121, 162-165, 166A, 166B, 167-172, 173A, 173B, 174-177, 178A, 178B, 179-181, 183-198, 199, 199A-199Z, 199A1-199Q1, 200-237, 239-293. There are no folios numbered 182 or 238. Fold-out folios: 199A1, 199F1.
Condition: the spine cover is detached from the volume and enclosed in a plastic sleeve numbered folio 372, at the back of the volume. The plastic sleeve may cause some loss of sharpness to the digital image of the spine cover.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
Use and share this item
- Share this item
'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [150r] (299/565), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/558, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025813202.0x000064> [accessed 26 February 2025]
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100025813202.0x000064
Copy and paste the code below into your web page where you would like to embed the image.
<meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100025813202.0x000064">'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [‎150r] (299/565)</a> <a href="https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100025813202.0x000064"> <img src="https://iiif.qdl.qa/iiif/images/81055/vdc_100000000193.0x000213/IOR_R_15_1_558_0299.jp2/full/!280,240/0/default.jpg" alt="" /> </a>
This record has a IIIF manifest available as follows. If you have a compatible viewer you can drag the icon to load it.https://www.qdl.qa/en/iiif/81055/vdc_100000000193.0x000213/manifestOpen in Universal viewerOpen in Mirador viewerMore options for embedding images
Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/558
- Title
- 'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:177v, 178v:183v, 184v:282r, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence