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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [96r] (191/565)
The record is made up of 1 volume (285 folios). It was created in 13 Sep 1920-8 Nov 1921. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
17
22. Ibrahim Negro, camel-man and general attendant.
23. Abdur Rahman Bin Mus^id Doeari, camel-man and general atten-
24. Ibn Amran, camel-man and general attendant.
25. Sa'ad-Allah camel-man and general attendant.
26. Ibn Umar camel-man and general attendant.
27. 'Abdullah of Sadair, camel-man and general attendant.
28. Sulaiman-al-Mutawwa of Qassim.
29. Marid of Qassim.
30. Dahaim of Qassim.
88. Apart from Ahmad Thanaiyan's above explanation, I personally think
Bin Sa'ud must have decided at the last moment to curtail the Nejd pilgrims
chiefly because he has little faith in the Sharif, and less hopes of a friendly
and peaceable solution of the difficulties. In short, he may be inwardly expect
ing that our Nejdi party will be roughly handled in the Hejaz, so why not let
the risk or sacrifice be as small as possible.
89. We camped on the excellent cool sands of
Wadi
A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows.
Hanifah outside and
below (south-west) Daraiyah, took coffee, prayed " Isha'* and then slept a few
hours and started at 2 a. m . soon after the mooL had risen. The route lay over
the bed of the said
Wadi
A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows.
, with high rocky banks for abo^t 10 miles and then
over stony ground.
90. The Imam's men with horses took leave for returning to Riyadh, and
I gave them letters for Bin Sa'ud and
Political Agent
A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency.
, Bahrein. They were all
very good lads and I wished that I had asked for a loan of their services for the
journey but it was too late then to think of it. Ahmad Thanaiyan, who had
been charged with the arrangement of servants, when asked this evening as to
those appointed for us said that he had ten or eleven followers who could work
for the whole party but that none had been specified for us except our old Riyadh
coffee-boy Dahaim. At 5 p.m . halted for " Fajr prayers and then resumed
the march.
91. Jubailah was reached at 7 a.m . It is a half-ruined kachcha fortress
with a little village around it on an elevated ridge. A small
wadi
A seasonal or intermittent watercourse, or the valley in which it flows.
lies below it,
and there are two wells at which some 200 camels were being watered, the
water being drawn in large skin-buckets, drawn by two camels on opposite
sides. We halted at one of the wells, and some of the party took water. The
Amir sent us dates and coffee and after one hour's rest we started again, the
road is now on a hard, sandy ground.
92. 'Awainah now in ruins, left about three miles to the north. It was
once a prosperous town and the seat of the Al-Maamar rulers of Nejd, the
predecessors of Al-Sa'ud, the present rulers. According to Ahmad Thanaiyan,
the Al-Maamar perished in a terrible plague, which swept away 300,000
inhabitants of these parts, about 130 years ago. Some of the Al-Maamar are
now serving under Bin Sa'ud, chiefly as Amirs. Pahad Bin Maamar, the
present Amir of Qassim and Bin Saud's well-known general, is one of them.
93. At II a.m . we camped in a vast plain thinly covered with "sumar"
(Indian kikar) trees and " ashab " grass and surrounded by hills. This is called
Jjahesiyah. We pitched our tents at a distance of some 40 yards from the
ten of Ahmad Bin Thanaiyan and that of his party, as they had shown some
aloofness on the way, often marching some 300 yards ahead of us, or keeping
some distance behind. I had begun to feel and Farhan to say it out, that we
were rather disagreeable companions to these men. Took tea and lay down in
my little tent, feeling very tired alter nine hours' ride in the fl mahmil" which,
though it was more comfortable than the ordinary " shidad" (saddle), \^as very
confining and jerky, especially as this was my first experience. Lunched at
12-30 and then slept for two hours or so.
- 94. I was told that Zaid Bin Khattab (brother of Omar Ibn-al-Khattab,
the second Caliph) and many other Sahabah (companions of the Holy Prophet)
lay buried in this plain, but the site of their graves was not known, nor could
anyone say in which of the early battles these pioneers of Islam had fallen.
dant
nix f & pd
About this item
- Content
The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and notes relating to Ibn Sa'ud and the affairs of Najd. The correspondence is mostly between: Harold Dickson, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Percy Cox, the High Commissioner in Baghdad; Ibn Sa'ud; King Hussein of the Hijaz; the Government of India, in Simla and Calcutta; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , in London; the Foreign Office, in London; Arthur Trevor, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire; and Siddiq Hassan, the Indian assistant in Bahrain.
Most of the volume relates to the territorial and political disputes between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, with particular coverage of the mission to Mecca to conclude an agreement between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, carried out by Ahmad bin Abdullah al-Thanaiyan, and Siddiq Hassan and Farhan al Rahmah, the Sa'udi and British representatives respectively.
Notable is the diary of Siddiq Hassan (ff 103-116v) written during his mission to Mecca, and his notes on the numerous meetings he had with King Hussein and the talks between the latter and Thanaiyan. Included as appendices to these notes are the following: a draft, in Arabic, of the eventual agreement signed by the two parties; a letter, in Arabic, from Hassan bin 'Ali ibn 'Aayidh, Chief of 'Assir, to King Hussein; another letter in Arabic from King Hussein to Siddiq Hassan; and an English translation of the finalised agreement. Also present is a report of the journey by Farhan al-Rahmah (ff. 116v-121v).
Other topics covered by the volume are as follows:
- the continued fighting and negotiations between Ibn Sa'ud and the Ikhwan on the one side and the al-Rashid (Shammar) on the other;
- the ongoing border dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and Kuwait;
- developments in 'Asir and the 'Idrisi movement;
- Ibn Sa'ud's British subsidy;
- revolt in Iraq and Syria, and the spread of Arab Nationalism;
- relations between Ibn Sa'ud and other tribal groups, and his growing influence in the region.
- Extent and format
- 1 volume (285 folios)
- Arrangement
The volume is largely arranged in chronological order. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 2, 3). The index entries refer to the original folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: Numbers are written in pencil, in the top right corner, on the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. The numbering is irregular, begins on the first folio at the front of the volume and is as follows: 1A-E, 2-78, 99-121, 162-165, 166A, 166B, 167-172, 173A, 173B, 174-177, 178A, 178B, 179-181, 183-198, 199, 199A-199Z, 199A1-199Q1, 200-237, 239-293. There are no folios numbered 182 or 238. Fold-out folios: 199A1, 199F1.
Condition: the spine cover is detached from the volume and enclosed in a plastic sleeve numbered folio 372, at the back of the volume. The plastic sleeve may cause some loss of sharpness to the digital image of the spine cover.
- Written in
- English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script View the complete information for this record
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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [96r] (191/565), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/558, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025813201.0x0000c0> [accessed 22 February 2025]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/R/15/1/558
- Title
- 'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement'
- Pages
- front, front-i, 2r:177v, 178v:183v, 184v:282r, back-i, back
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence