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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [‎93v] (186/565)

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The record is made up of 1 volume (285 folios). It was created in 13 Sep 1920-8 Nov 1921. It was written in English and Arabic. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .

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66. At 9 a.m Bin Saud visited us, after sendicg Ahmad Thanaiyan tn
warn us a few minutes before -hand. This is his first call, though we have been
seeing him at his own request or invitation at least daily. He used to sit
alone in the small private Majlis outside his office or in the big " Roshan "
(hall) adjoiniT g our quarters and to send word for us to join him. In the
evening he usually received us on the roof lying between one of his private
houses and office which is reached by walking about 50 yards Irom our
verandah and passing in front of the " Koshan " ^hall) and the office.
67. Bin Saud sat about 20 minutes talking of ordinary ipatters. He very
kindly said that he stepped in to see if we did not -want anything and were
comfortable; that he had been telling his men daily that we must be well
looked afier, and had been sending Ahmad Thanaiyan and Bin Shalhub to be
quite sure of that; that he had been taking our own word that we were quite
comfortable. I assured him that we did not want anything and thanked him
for his kindness and consideration. He also said that he hoped that we did not
mind his not visiting us in our quarters till then, but that he did not like to disturb
us, and preferred to meet us in the Roshan or the Majlis, both being about
midway between his office and our quarters. I said it was quite immaterial and
we were extremely obliged for his excellent hospitality and great regard always
shewn us from the moment we had arrived in his capital. He also said ihat [
must have found the time hanging rather heavily as there were no books or
newspapers to read, nor any places of interest to visit. I replied that I had the
" Sabaah Mualliqah *' (old chivalrous Arab poems), Manasik Al Hajji (on the
pilgrimage to Mecca), two useful and interesting books with me to read, and
sometimes wrote letters, morning and evening; the greater part of the day was
too hot to allow of any reading or writing. We could not even otfer the Imam
the commonest thing, coffee, as our coffee -boy had locked up the room
and gone out. So I had to content myself by apologising and saying '
that after all it was his own house, and w T e his own gi^ests ; he would kindly
excuse the shortcoming, whereupon Bin Saud repeated his favourite couplet
(O, our guest, if you visit us you w T ill find that we are (like) guests
and you (like) the host),' and then departed saying that he was going
to Shaikh Abdullah Bin Abdul Latif's, to try and reconcile this powerful
old Shaikh to a numjber of 4 Muta wiah ' (mullas or priests)- who have been
summoned for disobeying Shaikh Abdullah's injunctions regarding public
preaching and disposal of cases, etc., etc. Some of these worthies have been
reported publicly criticising Bin Saud's policy a ad relations with the other
rulers and the * Ajanib v (foreigners) and preaching * Shiddah ' ,(Jehad) against
all non-Nejdis, who are Kafir to their mind. Inw T ardly, I thought, perhaps
the old Imam Abdur Kahman, whom we had visited the previous day, was
responsible for sending Bin Saud to see us.
68. A little later Bin Saud sent Farhan and myself, one volume each of
the books (History of Nejd and Wahhabi movement).
This written in old style Arabic, but abuses other - Moslem sects, as could
be expected of such a sectarian compilation,
69. Received further information regarding Bin Musaid. He has captured
Hajlah and Ibhah, the chief towns of Assir, and the ruler Bin Mhrai (AI-'
A'ayadh) is said to have been driven away to the hills. This Bin M'usaid is
one of the Al-Jilovi, nephew of the well-known Abdullah Bin Jilovi, Amir of
Hassa. The Imam Idrisi is on Bin Musaid's {i .e.. Bin Saud's) side and has
been chitfiy instrumental in this Akhwan victory. There has been much
blood shed in Ibha (said to be about as large > as Riyadh) and a majority of
the inhabitants perished with the Akhwan sword. Report also says that the
<?a:-Turkish WaH, now a servant of the Idrisi, took part in this action. Akhwan
loss only ]5 men ahd 4 horses.
70. Called on Bin Saud after Asr prayer. Sat talking of common things
for about ten minutes. He is going off to see his brother who is camping
outside Riyadh. Bin Saud was kind enough to ask (as he does each time
when we see him) if we wanted anything. We thanked him sincerely and
replied we did not. He also asked us to excuse any shortcomings in,
what he called Badu-like, arrangements for food, etc. I assured him that we
were quite comfortable and were served with excellent food and plenty of

About this item

Content

The volume consists of letters, telegrams, memoranda, reports, and notes relating to Ibn Sa'ud and the affairs of Najd. The correspondence is mostly between: Harold Dickson, the Political Agent A mid-ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Agency. in Bahrain; Percy Cox, the High Commissioner in Baghdad; Ibn Sa'ud; King Hussein of the Hijaz; the Government of India, in Simla and Calcutta; the India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. , in London; the Foreign Office, in London; Arthur Trevor, the Political Resident A senior ranking political representative (equivalent to a Consul General) from the diplomatic corps of the Government of India or one of its subordinate provincial governments, in charge of a Political Residency. in Bushire; and Siddiq Hassan, the Indian assistant in Bahrain.

Most of the volume relates to the territorial and political disputes between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, with particular coverage of the mission to Mecca to conclude an agreement between Ibn Sa'ud and King Hussein, carried out by Ahmad bin Abdullah al-Thanaiyan, and Siddiq Hassan and Farhan al Rahmah, the Sa'udi and British representatives respectively.

Notable is the diary of Siddiq Hassan (ff 103-116v) written during his mission to Mecca, and his notes on the numerous meetings he had with King Hussein and the talks between the latter and Thanaiyan. Included as appendices to these notes are the following: a draft, in Arabic, of the eventual agreement signed by the two parties; a letter, in Arabic, from Hassan bin 'Ali ibn 'Aayidh, Chief of 'Assir, to King Hussein; another letter in Arabic from King Hussein to Siddiq Hassan; and an English translation of the finalised agreement. Also present is a report of the journey by Farhan al-Rahmah (ff. 116v-121v).

Other topics covered by the volume are as follows:

  • the continued fighting and negotiations between Ibn Sa'ud and the Ikhwan on the one side and the al-Rashid (Shammar) on the other;
  • the ongoing border dispute between Ibn Sa'ud and Kuwait;
  • developments in 'Asir and the 'Idrisi movement;
  • Ibn Sa'ud's British subsidy;
  • revolt in Iraq and Syria, and the spread of Arab Nationalism;
  • relations between Ibn Sa'ud and other tribal groups, and his growing influence in the region.
Extent and format
1 volume (285 folios)
Arrangement

The volume is largely arranged in chronological order. There is an alphabetical subject index to the contents, at the front of the volume (folios 2, 3). The index entries refer to the original folio numbers of relevant documents, to help identify and locate them within the volume.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: Numbers are written in pencil, in the top right corner, on the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. The numbering is irregular, begins on the first folio at the front of the volume and is as follows: 1A-E, 2-78, 99-121, 162-165, 166A, 166B, 167-172, 173A, 173B, 174-177, 178A, 178B, 179-181, 183-198, 199, 199A-199Z, 199A1-199Q1, 200-237, 239-293. There are no folios numbered 182 or 238. Fold-out folios: 199A1, 199F1.

Condition: the spine cover is detached from the volume and enclosed in a plastic sleeve numbered folio 372, at the back of the volume. The plastic sleeve may cause some loss of sharpness to the digital image of the spine cover.

Written in
English and Arabic in Latin and Arabic script
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'File 61/6 vol.4 (D 34) Bin Saud and Akwan Movement' [‎93v] (186/565), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/1/558, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100025813201.0x0000bb> [accessed 28 November 2024]

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