'Narrative of a journey to the site of Babylon in 1811, now first published: memoir on the ruins; with engravings from the original sketches by the author: remarks on the topography of ancient Babylon, by Major Rennell; in reference to the memoir: second memoir on the ruins; in reference to Major Rennell's remarks: with narrative of a journey to Persepolis: now first printed, with hitherto unpublished cuneiform inscriptions copied at Persepolis: by the late Claudius James Rich, Esq., formerly the Resident of the Hon. East India Company at Bagdad. Edited by his widow.' [‎61] (139/474)

OF BABYLON.
61
ruins, to avoid repetition, it is necessary to state that
they consist of mounds of earth, formed by the de
composition of building, channelled and furrowed by
the weather, and the surface of them strewed with
pieces of brick, bitumen, and pottery.
On taking a view of the ruins from south to north,
the first object that attracts attention, is the low
mound connected with the embankment; on it are
two little parallel walls close together, and only a
few feet in height and breadth, which bear indis
putable marks of having formed part of a Mohametan
oratory or Kouhhe. This ruin is called
(Calvary,) and gives its name to a village a little to
the left of it. The Turkish geographer says, " To
the north of Hillah on the river is Jumjuma, which
SV 0 ^
is the burial-place of a Sultan." is the com
mon name here for a skull. It also means, accord
ing to Castell and Golius, " Puteus in loco salsu-
ginoso fossus." Either etymology would be appli
cable. To this succeeds the first grand mass of
ruins, which is one thousand one hundred yards in
length, and eight hundred in greatest breadth, its
figure nearly resembling that of a quadrangle; its
height is irregular; but the most elevated part may
be about fifty or sixty feet above the level of the
plain, and it has been dug into for the purpose of
procuring bricks. Just below the highest part of it
is a small dome in an oblong inclosure, which, it is