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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [8r] (15/82)
The record is made up of 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps). It was created in 3 Apr 1912. It was written in English and French. The original is part of the British Library: India Office The department of the British Government to which the Government of India reported between 1858 and 1947. The successor to the Court of Directors. Records and Private Papers Documents collected in a private capacity. .
Transcription
This transcription is created automatically. It may contain errors.
11
than any other document of the time—the
following passage occurs :—
Major Rawlinson's The rule of appropriation from the time of authentic
Memorandum of history appears then to have been simply this ; that
January 6, 1844, j t
on Mohamraerah. " le lands deriving water from the 1 igris and Euphrates
belonged to Irak-el-Arab (Turkey), while the country
along the banks of the Karun Avas within the limits of
Khuzistan (Persia). Nothing, perhaps, could be more
simple in principle than this distribution, but nothing
could be more fluctuating and perplexed than it has
proved in practice, owing to the numerous changes in
the courses of the rivers.
[Incidentally, it may he observed that the
justice of Major Rawlinson's conclusion has
been further confirmed since he wrote: For
the Bamishere Channel, which was then a
regular means of access to Mohammerah from
the sea, is now only navigable for half its length
by boats of small draught, thus rendering the
Shatt-el-Arab the sole means of water transport
between the sea and not only Mohammerah, but
likewise Ahwaz on the Karun.]
Tribal Apart from the general rule of geographical
appropriation, rendered uncertain as has been
Major Rawlinson's , i ,i n j ,• n i.i •
Memorandum of shown by the fluctuating course ot the rivers,
January 6, 1844, questions, more or less interwoven, appeared
on Mohammerah. x > it . it n. T
to be involved m the dispute between lurkey and
Persia respecting Mohammerah, the one the
dependency of the tribe of Chaab, the other the
right of territory to certain lands upon which
portions of the tribe had settled.
At the time under discussion (1843), the delta
formed at the mouth of the two rivers, Karun
and Shatt-el-Arab, together with a large portion
of territory to the east of it, the town of
Mohammerah, and the northern bank of the
Ilaffar Canal, were inhabited by the tribe of
Chaab or Kiab, whose chief settlement was at
Fellahieh, an inland town some 30 miles to the
east of Mohammerah.*
* This memorandum does not deal especially with British
relations with the Chaab tribe: but it may be mentioned that
both Colonel Sheil and Captain (afterwards General Sir Arnold)
Keiuball reported in 1843 that, in the inrercourse which had
continually taken place between the Chaab and the East India
Company, the tribe had either been treated as independent or
regarded as subjects of the Shah (see Sir Stratford Canning,
No. 70, April 27, 1844). A full account of British-Indian
relations with the Chaab will be found in the precis, dated
March 1911, by Lieutenant Wilson on "Relations of the
British Government with the Tribes and Sheikhs of
Arabistan."
About this item
- Content
The memorandum concerns the border between Mohammerah [Khorramshahr] and Turkey, and was prepared by Alwyn Parker of the Foreign Office. There are a number of labels at the top of the first page: ‘Persia’, ‘Confidential’ and ‘Section 10’. The memorandum sections are as follows:
- Part I. A preface (folios 1-5), introducing the points at issue, with two maps, the first being a sketch map of the Mohammerah district, with the proposed Turkish, Persian and mediating commissioner’s lines indicated (folio 2), and a map compiled from plane table surveys by Lieutenant Arnold Talbot Wilson in 1909, with the frontier as defined by the mediating commissioners in 1850 (folio 4);
- Part II. An historical summary (folios 6-19) of British Government correspondence relating to the border dispute, with the chief focus being on correspondence exchanged during the period 1843-52, around the time of the Treaty of Erzeroum (c.1848). This part contains two copies of a map, a facsimile of a diagram of the disputed area, the original of which was enclosed by Colonel Williams in his despatch of 4 February 1850, indicating Turkish and Persian claims and the mediating commissioner’s proposal (folios 15, 19);
- Part III. Conclusion (folios 20-28), with a further map (folio 23), an exact copy of that found on folio 4.
The appendices that follow are:
- A: British assurances given to the Shaikh of Mohammerah, 1899 and 1902-10;
- B. Protocol of December 1911 (in French) for the proposal settlement of the Turco-Persian frontier question;
- C. An extract from Sir Austen Henry Layard’s Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia , published in 1887. The extract is from volume 2, pp 431-439;
- D. Rough notes made by General William Monteith when in Persia, on the frontier of Turkey and Persia, as communicated to the Foreign Office in 1843;
- E. Observations by Sir Henry Rawlinson on a Persian memorandum relative to the situation of the cities of Mohammerah and Fellahiah [Fallāḥīyah], 1844;
- F. Text of the Treaty of Erzeroum, 31 May 1847, in English and French translation;
- G. Copy of a despatch from Sir Stratford Canning, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, to Lord Palmerston, Foreign Secretary, dated 30 May 1850;
- H. Copy of a despatch from Lord Palmerston to Lord Broomfield, dated 12 July 1850.
- Extent and format
- 1 file (41 folios, 5 maps)
- Arrangement
The memorandum is arranged into three parts, labelled I, II and III, which are followed by eight lettered appendices, A-H. Historic correspondence referred to in the memorandum is referenced in the inside page margin.
- Physical characteristics
Foliation: The foliation sequence commences at the first folio and terminates at the last folio; these numbers are written in pencil, are circled, and are located in the top right corner of the recto The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. side of each folio.
Pagination: The booklet contains an original typed pagination sequence.
- Written in
- English and French in Latin script View the complete information for this record
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‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’ [8r] (15/82), British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/L/PS/18/B380, in Qatar Digital Library <https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100024051501.0x000010> [accessed 21 November 2024]
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Copyright: How to use this content
- Reference
- IOR/L/PS/18/B380
- Title
- ‘Memorandum respecting the frontier between Mohammerah and Turkey.’
- Pages
- 1r:1v, 3r:14v, 16r:18v, 20r:30v, 33r:41v
- Author
- East India Company, the Board of Control, the India Office, or other British Government Department
- Usage terms
- Open Government Licence