'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎367] (442/905)

CHAP. XVI.]
KIOSKS AND COTTAGES.
367
pets, and has around the walls low sofas and soft cushions,
which form the Diwan. The room is moderately well lighted
by two rows of windows; those in the lower row consisting
of screens of oiled paper protected by wooden shutters, and
those of the upper row being furnished with painted glass.
The ceiling and upper part of the walls are painted with ara
besque patterns; and below these, between the windows and
niches, are displayed the arms, and not unfrequently the orna
mented saddles, bridles, &c., of the proprietor.
Behind, and usually communicating with the reception-
room, are the kitchen and other apartments connected with
the har^m; and adjoining the latter is the garden, which, in
addition to an abundance of flowers and shrubs, generally con
tains a kiosk or summer-house.
These small buildings, which are so placed as to command Description
a pleasing prospect, are either square or oblong on the plan, hou^ uinmei
and the sides are deeply recessed, for the purpose of affording
shade at all times. The exterior presents a handsome project
ing pagoda-roof, below which are windows, niches, trellis-
work, &c., whilst arabesque arches and a painted ceiling, some
times representing the early part of the evening, when the
moon and stars are faintly seen, constitute the ornaments of
the interior.
In the milder situations, where it is not necessary to con- Cottages,
struct half-sunken houses, those of the peasants are either
built of rubble masonry, or they consist of a wooden frame
filled up with wattles and clay, or unburnt brick: they rarely
exceed 2 rooms; a verandah or rustic portico covers the
entrance.
The flat roof prevails generally throughout Asia Minor; it
is formed of rough beams, with layers of reed or straw across;
and above these is a thick coating of clay, which is kept water
tight by the occasional use of a stone roller. But in those
districts where timber is abundant the cottages are entirely of
wood, and each closely resembles an ancient temple, with its
portico. 1
1 Mr. Fellowes's Account of Discoveries in Lycia, &c., 1840, p. 129.