'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎331] (402/905)

CHAP. XIV.]
CITY OF ANGORA.
331
Ancient Paphlagonia, once Pylsemenia, 1 commenced beyond Limits of
the Billaeus, and it extended from thence eastward to the Paphlagoma "
river Evarchus (near Sinope) ; also southward, from the
Black Sea to the borders of Galatia. But its more precise
limits were the Parthenius on the west, the Halys on the
east, and Galatia on the south. 2
The towns in the bordering district of Western Galatia Town8of
are, Iskelib, a place of considerable extent, with a castle Galatia.
perched upon a singularly bold and naked rock ; 3 Kal'ah-jik,
a town of 900 houses, at the base of an isolated conical rock,
the summit of which is occupied by a castle built above the
houses ; 4 and ancient Changn, now Kankari, the principal
place in the district of that name, with a ruined castle,
several mosques, khans, and public baths ; it contains 18,000
or 20,000 souls, and is a place of considerable trade, though
hitherto unknown as such to Europeans. 5
The metropolitan city of Angora and its citadel occupy Description of
two rocky hills, nearly in the centre of Western Galatia. Angora '
The town is watered by one of the affluents of the Sangarius,
and contains about 10,000 Muhammedans, 5000 Christians,
and 200 Jews. There are 17 or 18 khans, and three
ham mams; and it is divided into 84 parts, each of which
has a mosque or Jami'. In addition to the celebrated wool, 6
the articles of commerce arfe yellow berries, madder and gums,
wax, honey, merino twist, and goats' hides ; 7 also some
woollen manufactures; and, since the roads from the ports
of Tarabuzun, Samsun, Constantinople, Smyrna, Tarsus, and
Alexandretta, as well as from Kurdistan, Persia, Mesopo
tamia, Arabia, and Syria, pass through this city, it must
at some future time necessarily become a great commercial
depot. The city of Ancyra contains one of the earliest
1 Pliny, lib. VI., c. ii.
8 Strabo, lib. XII., pp. 543, 544,
8 Mr. Ainsworth's Journey: Vol. IX. Part II., p. 265, of the Royal
Geographical Journal.
4 Ibid., pp. 270, 271. # Ibid -' P- 268 -
6 It is remarked, that within the circumscribed limits of the Halys the
shepherds' dogs, and the cats also, have long 6ne hair.—Ibid., p. 275.