'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎322] (391/905)

322 RIVERS OF BlTHYNIA. [CHAP. XIV.
Black Sea near the ruins of Tium, where it is very deep, and
100 yards wide. 1
RhySus Tile next is tlle Kilij, or Sword River (the Lycus), a eon-
Ac. siderable stream, which flows westward from, and almost at
a right angle with, the Filiyas, till it falls into the Euxine a
little westward of Eregli. Five other streams descend from
the mountains between this and the Sakariyah ; 2 and, finally,
westward of the latter is the Rhyndacus, separating Bithynia
from Mysia. This stream, the Edrenos of the Turks, waters
a part of the plain of Kutahiyah and the ruins of Azani; it
then skirts the southern side of Mount Olympus, and, after
forming the lake of Apollonia, and receiving below it the
Kara-Der6h-su and the Su-Sighirli-su, it falls into the Pro-
pontis. The Su-Sighirli-su, which represents the ancient
Macestus, 3 comes by a northerly course from Singerli; to
which place, under the name of the Simaul-su, it flows in a
westerly direction, skirting the Demirji range from its source
in the lake of Simaul. 4 Previously to Mr. Hamilton's journey
the Su-Sighirli-su was supposed to terminate in Lake Maniyas,
or Miletopolis, a considerable piece of water about 15 miles
westward of Apollonia.
The tract constituting the ancient Bithynia is remarkable
for the extensive and picturesque inlets of Ismid and Mou-
dania, and the beautiful fresh-water lakes of Iznik, Cgesarea,
Gallus, ?abanjah-gol, Yeni-Shehr, and others of inferior size,
which give additional interest to scenery almost everywhere
striking. Forests 5 of beech and oak clothe the hills to the
eastward, and are interspersed with cultivated plains and
villages, or valleys displaying rhododendron, oleander, myrtle,
box, daphne, and cistus; whilst amidst the grander scenery
near the Olympic chain, in the central and western parts, an
1 Mr. Ainsworth's Journey to Angora: Vol. IX. Part II., p. 229, of the
Royal Geographical Journal.
2 Ibid., p. 224 and following.
3 Plin., lib. V., c. xxxii.
* Mr W. J. Hamilton's Jourpey ; Vol. VIII. Part II., p. 139, of the Royal
Geographical Journal.
f ' J, he A c §hd j or Sea of Tre es, extends nearly from the Bosphorus
to BOh.—Sestim s Voyage to Basrah, &c., pp. 12 and 18.
Lakes, &c. of
Bithynia.