'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎316] (385/905)

316
TROY AND ITS RIVERS. [CHAP. XIV.
a city of the first rank, 1 whose place is still to be distinguished
by the ruins of an amphitheatre and a palace, with several
arches and other remains. 2 Towards the central and western
side are Balikesri (Csesarea), Boladjik (Hadrianotherse),
Ayasmend (Attea), Kydhonies (Heraclea), Mytileni (Mity-
lene), Adramit (Adramyttium) ; and, finally, near the shores
of the Gulf of Adramit are the ruins of Assos, or Assus,
which, in the wooded country near the village of Beahrahm,
present a wilderness of ruined temples, baths, theatres,
cisterns, &c. 3
Country about The remainder of Mysia contains the site of the celebrated
Ilium, whose interesting geography has been determined by
the recent survey of Lieutenant Graves, R.N., commanding
Her Majesty's ship Beacon. Near the western shore is the
island of Tenedos, and opposite its southern extremity are the
extensive remains of Eski Stambul (Alexandria of Troas),
which 'not only cover the beach, but likewise spread beneath
the wooded slopes for some distance inwards, where a palace
and an aqueduct are still conspicuous. 4 An undulating
country, partially cultivated, but chiefly covered with pines,
valonia, and other low wood, extends north and north-east
ward of the ruins, from whence, at the distance of about seven
miles in the latter direction, is the remarkable chain of hills
called Kara Tagh, whose north-eastern side is washed by the
Mendereh Chai*, coming from the chain of Ida (Kaz Tagh) ;
whilst the narrow but abundant river of Bunarb^shi has its
double springs on the western slopes, where they unite about
a mile before the river reaches the village.
ofthTcity! 116 Bunarbashi is generally supposed to occupy part of the
site of Priam s capital; of which an inscription found in the
grove a little way eastward, 5 part of an ancient wall at a little
distance S.S.W., a tumulus three-quarters of a mile south
ward, and some other tumuli, in addition to the presumed
remains of Pergamus, are the vestiges. These occupy some
1 Strabo, lib. XIII., p. 623.
8 Fellowes's Journal in Asia Minor, 1838, pp. 35, 36.
8 Ibid., p. 47. * Survey of Lieutenant Graves, 1839.
5 By Dr. Forchammer: ibid.