'The Expedition for the survey of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, carried on by order of the British government, in the years 1835, 1836, and 1837; preceded by geographical and historical notices of the regions situated between the rivers Nile and Indus. In four volumes. With fourteen maps and charts, and embellished with ninety-seven plates, besides numerous wood-cuts. Volume the first.' [‎305] (372/905)

CHAP. XIV.]
YUZ-KAT AND DIVRlGl.
305
the copper brought chiefly from the mines of Arghana is
refined previously to being shipped at Samsun for Con
stantinople. 1
The once important district of Chap an O'ghlu lies to the chapan
westward, and contains the A'yanliks of Haji Osman, Kizlan, 0 ' ghM '
Surkun, Ak Tagh Ma'den, 2 and Boghazkoi', where are the
remains of Tavium; 3 and, at a Turkoman village further
north, a massive Cyclopean gateway, with singular bas-reliefs.
Yuz-Kat is governed by a Musellim, and although decayed,
it still contains nearly 4000 houses; it is situated in a valley,
and has several mosques, one of which was built after the plan
of St. Sophia at Constantinople.
On the borders of the Halys, at some distance westward of Kir-shehr.
Yuz-Kat, is the Turkoman district of Kir-shehr, which con
tains the fertile plain of Sogher; and, northward of the
latter, the Sanjak of Denek Ma'den. 4 To the south are the
A'yanliks of Haji-Bektash and Mujur; the town bearing the
latter name contains 600 houses; and nearly in the centre
of the whole is a valley, in which stands Kir-shehr, the capital,
a town of about 4000 inhabitants.
Owing to the religious fanaticism of the Dervishes this
place presents the contrast of wretched houses going to decay
amidst gardens of remarkable fertility. 5 Although eastward
of the Halys, the district is now under the Pasha An Ottoman title used after the names of certain provincial governors, high-ranking officials and military commanders. of Angora.
Near the eastern side of the territory is the Musellimik Town of
of Divrigi, with the mines of Siliski in the neighbourhood.
The former town, the Tephrene of the Lower Empire, 6 con
tains about 2000 houses, situated amidst gardens in a fertile
valley, shut in to the north by the Dumbu Tagh, on which
is the castle ; and by the Erumbat Tagh to the south. On
the Euphrates are Erzingan and Egin; 7 and, a little way
1 MS. Journal by Mr. Ainsworth.
8 An argentiferous lead mine.—Mr. Brant; Vol. VI. Part II., p. 217, of
the Royal Geographical Journal.
3 Mr. W. J. Hamilton's Journey : Vol. VII. Part I., p. 53, ibid.
* The silver mines are 3340 feet above the sea.—Mr. Ainswortb's Journey ;
Vol. X. Part III., p. 284, ibid. 5 Ibid., p. 286.
6 St. Martin, Memoires Historiques, &c., Vol. I., p. 188,
See above. Chap. III.
VOL. I, ^ R